Ap Bio Respiration Frq

40) Describe the structure of a mammalian respiratory system. Include in your discussion the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration. In mammals, oxygen first passes through the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is covered with mucus and cicilia to filter the air. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx. The pharynx consists of the eustachian tube and the tonsils. The inhaled air then passes to the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The bronchi lead to the bronchioles in the lungs. In the lungs the pleural membrane facilitates breathing. The bronchioles end in microscopic alveoli lined by a thin, moist epithelium.The alveoli is the primary site of gas exchange. Branches of the pulmonary arteries send oxygen poor blood to the alveoli; branches of the pulmonary veins transport oxygen rich blood from the alveoli back to the heart. Inspiration (the process of inhaling) begins as the external intercostals and diaphragm contract. When this happens, the lungs expand. After this, negative pressure is used to facilitate respiration. So, air moves from an area of higher pressure, which is the air, to an area of lower pressure in the lungs and aveoli. During inspiration the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.The diaphragm moves downwards, while the intercostal muscles make the rib cage move upwards. These two processes increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and also reduces the air pressure to below atmospheric pressure allowing air to rush into the airways then into the alveoli. With expiration (the process of exhaling) the opposite occurs. Here, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax. This allows the diaphragm to move upwards and the intercostal muscles let the rib cage relax to its resting state. This concept is called passive recoil.After passive recoil occurs, the volume within the thoracic cavity now decreases. This decrease in volume causes an increase in pressure above atmospheric pressure which forces air up and out the airway. In mammals, a large part pa rt of the process of respiration is controlled neurally through the medulla oblongata. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. The main centers in the medula that control respiration are the inspiratory and expiratory center. 3) Discuss the processes of exchange of O2 and CO2 that occur at the alveoli and muscle cells of mammals. Include in your answer a description of the transport of these gasses in the blood. The aveoli is very important to respiration. The aveoli needs to be efficient in obtaining oxygen as the air is approximately 20% oxygen. The aveoli are small, thinly-walled, sacs of air made out of collagen and elastic fibers. It is lined by a thin, moist epithelium, which allows for easy expansion. In respiration, first the lungs are ventilated to maintain their concentration gradient, which draws in fresh air with a higher concentration of O2.The air then fills the alveoli, which are completely surrounded by many blood capillaries in order to maintain a short diffusion distance for the O2 to diffuse in, and the CO2 to diffuse out, so both bring down the concentration gradients. The blood then carries the Oxygen away, and cycles the CO2 back, maintaining a strong concentration gradient, helping to raise the diffusion rates. It is by this mechanism that mammals are able to maintain respiration in all the cells of their body. The concentration discussed above is crucial to gas exchange because it allows osmosis and diffusion to take place.To further facilitate diffusion the surface of the aveoli is moist. Eventually, the oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into the interstitial fluid to be taken up by the cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide diffuses from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries. The oxygen can also be stored in myoglobin, which can be found in muscles. Some CO2 will be present in plasma. This lowers the pH of blood. The levels of dissolved oxygen in the blood are usually 100 mm Hg in the lungs, 40 mm Hg in the muscles during rest, and 20 mm Hg in the muscles during exercise.The oxygen in the aveoli is carried by hemoglobin or in red blood cells. Hemoglobin can be found in red blood cells themselves. The transportation of hemoglobin and oxygen uses cooperation. The cooperation is allosteric. Once oxygen attaches to it, more oxygen molecules attach easily. The opposite occurs when hemoglobin looses one oxygen molecule. The graph of this relationship would be an s-shaped curve. But, both carbon monoxide and oxygen compete to be able to get to the binding site on hemoglobin. Most carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ions (HCO3).The enzyme carbonic anhydrase speeds up reactions and lets the carbon dioxide dissolve more easily. If the CO2 is not dissolved by an aqueous solution, some of it can be carried by hemoglobin. The hemoglobin carries the CO2 at a different site so it doesn’t compete with the O2. When the CO2 starts out at the alveolus, it first goes to the pulmonary vein, then the left atrium, the left ventricle, the artery, the capillary, and finally the CO2 gets to the muscle cells. If the CO2 travels from the muscles cells to the alveolus, the same process occurs in reverse. 4) Many physiological changes occur during exercise. -Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that an exercise session causes short term increases in the heart rate and breathing rate in humans. -Explain how at least three organ systems are affected by the increased physical activity and discuss interactions among these systems. a. An experiment to test this: First, you would need at least 10 people to participate in the experiment. The bigger the data pool, the more reliable your results will be. You would just need a stopwatch for this experiment.First, you would measure the heart rate and respiration rate of all the participants. The heart rate would be measured by feeling the pulse of the person by touching their neck. The number of beats felt in one minute is multiplied by 10 to obtain the heart rate. To obtain the respiration rate, simply count the amount of times the person's chest cavity rises and falls during breathing. This data of the participants at rest would serve as the control. The experimental data would come from the participants during exercise.So, afterward all the participants would be instructed to run along the some course for about 5 minutes. They would run at a moderate jogging speed. When the 5 minutes are up, the heart rate and breathing would be recorded the same way as before. Then, immediately after the data is recorded, the runners would run for another 15 minutes. The data would be recorded the same way immediately afterward. After the data is recorded, the runners would take a 30 minute rest in order to return to a homeostatic condition. After the rest, the heart rate and respiration rate woul d be recorded yet again.If the hypothesis is true, the heart rate and respiration rate should be higher when the participants were exercising. After the rest, the participants should be back to normal. b. – Circulatory System: First of all, the heart in creases the stroke volume (SV). The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat. Then, the body increases the rate of blood circulation to carry oxygen and nutrients to working muscle cells. The increased flow also carries excess CO2 out of the body. So, the cardiac output increases and the blood pressure increases as well.To cause heat loss during exercise, the capillary beds that go to the skin dilate. – Respiratory System: During exercise there is an increased gas exchange between CO2 and O2. This is needed so a lot more oxygen (O2) can travel to the cells and be used as energy. Also, the increased rate of respiration helps expel the extra CO2 that is produced by the mus cle cells. The increased blood circulation during exercise causes the lungs to adapt by recruiting extra capillaries to carry the increased output of the heart, further increasing the quantity of blood in the lung.This means that the diffusion capacity of the lungs is also affected. – Digestive System: During exercise, the digestive system immediately increases the rate of glycogenolysis. During glycogenolysis there is an increased rate of digestion in the body to break down the carbohydrates into glucose. Cellular respiration uses the glucose to increase the production of ATP. The digestive system also diverts blood away from splanchnic renal areas, where it is not needed much. All these processes help provide fuel and energy for physical activity.

A Personal Perspective: Personal Reflections on Followership and Leadership Essay

I will discuss personal follower and leader interactions with two individuals that I have worked with over the last five to seven years. I selected these individuals because of my relationship with them and their leadership capabilities. Secondly, I admire and model after both of them. Finally, I selected these individuals because they believe in me and have invested in my professional and personal development. I will discuss their leadership style in context with course materials and illustrate how I am able to be an effective follower under their leadership. I will also discuss the leadership qualities that make them highly effective leaders. A Personal Perspective: Personal Reflections on Followership and Leadership Trust is the most important factor in most relationships, professional and personal. It is very easy to follow someone that you trust, even when there are differences of opinion. I have worked under the leadership of two dynamic leaders for the last five to seven years. The first is my boss, Karen Schrock, President & CEO of Adult Well-Being Services. The second individual I selected is my Pastor, James Minnick. I selected Karen and James because of my relationship with them. They are both highly effective leaders that I admire for their ability to lead under pressure, manage difficult people and situations, accomplish what needs to be accomplish and remain positive. They believe in me and have invested in my professional and personal development. I strongly concur with the statement leaders are only as good as the people who follow (Johnson, 2011). Bjudstads defines followership as the ability to effectively follow the directives and support the efforts of a leader to maximize the organization (Bjudstad, 2006). An effective follower is one who is enthusiastic, self-reliant, and fulfills their duties with enthusiasm (Kelly, 1998). Courageous, honesty, credibility, competence, and focus are  also qualities of a good follower. It is easy to follow when you are lead by leaders who are competent, passionate, exhibit compassion, and are able to communicate the vision, goals and objectives. I have worked with Karen for seven years, first as her Administrative Assistant and now as the Manager of Executive Office Operations and Stapleton Operations. I worked as a project manager with my previous employer and the skills I developed in that position enabled me to transition to the position of Administrative Assistant for the President & CEO of an organization with ease. They refer to us as the dynamic duo because we work so well together. Karen is very organized, a detailed planner, and clearly communicates her expectations. I am very organized and a detailed planner. We meet at the beginning of each week. We both prepare a list of priorities (often they contain the same items). We differ in communication style. I prefer emails. She prefers face to face or phone communication. A good follower adapts to the style of the leader when necessary. So, I’ve adapted my style somewhat. When managing contacts for her, I will make the call or contact in person. Leaders and foll owers have to be flexible. I am able to approach her and discuss my view when we disagree because of our relationship and her leadership style. She always takes the time to make sure I understand even high level decisions. She shares information so that I am able to make better decisions and work more effectively as a follower. I follow her because I trust that she has my best interest, as well as the best interest of the organization, in her perspective as she leads us. Another quality that allows me to be an effective follower is Karen allows me to do my work. I cannot imagine how frustrating it is to be micromanaged. I don’t require a lot of supervision. I know her expectations. I know the organization. I ask questions and for help when necessary. I am also proactive. It is not necessary for her to tell me what needs to be done in every instance. After working with her for so long, I often know what is expected and accomplish it before it is requested. I advise her of ongoing projects and issues that require her attention. It is my responsibility as a follower to ensure she is informed. Johnson states followers have a responsibility to give good information (Johnson, 2011). Good information i s not necessarily pleasant. I am able  to tell her things others often sugar coat. If something is not working, she needs to know. I also present her with possible solutions when presenting problems. I am comfortable making decisions and informing her of the problem and my resolution. If I make a bad decision, she uses that as a learning opportunity. This is empowering, and has built my confidence and helped me develop as a manager. My relationship with James Minnick started many years ago. We grew up in our local church and I have known him for over thirty five years. I did not work closely with him until he became our Pastor. Shortly after becoming Pastor, he asked me to serve as a Trustee. I am now the Assistant Financial Secretary. It is in this capacity that I have grown to respect him as an effective leader. I am able to exhibit the same qualities of a follower as a Trustee that I exhibit when working with Karen. The environment is different; however, I am who I am. I am just as efficient at a Trustee a nd Assistant Financial Secretary as I am as an employee of Adult Well-Being Services. Good stewardship is required in both environments. Good leaders are able to identify the talents and abilities of their followers to fulfill the vision and mission of the organization in business and non-business environments. I have the same commitment to the Church and its leader as I have to the organization that I work for. I follow James because I trust him and his ability to lead membership. It is easy to follow him because he allows each of us to first recognize, and then use our gifts to support the ministry. I have grown tremendously under the leadership of both of the individuals I’ve discussed. I am able to use my skills, talents and abilities at both organizations and use the resources of both organizations for the common good. I have learned from experiences at Adult Well-Being Services that have helped me as a Trustee and Financial Secretary at the church. They have assigned me projects that I did not believe I was capable of managing but with their encouragement, I accomplished them. James is also the Director of Transportation for Detroit Public Schools. I volunteered to head a project at work to use his expertise to improve our transportation operations. I have watched Karen develop collaborations and relationships to benefit the organization, and used this as a model to develop opportunities and relationships that benefit the organization and church. Goleman (2000) identified six leadership styles: coercive, reflective, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching. Goleman and Gupta explain good leaders use all of the leadership styles; however, they consistently use only four of the leadership styles. Not all of the styles produce positive results and a positive work climate (Goleman, 82). I was able to visualize how Karen and James use the styles presented and their impact on the organizations they lead. On a more personal note, I was able to see how the styles have impacted my relationship with them and my ability to be an effective follower. The four leadership styles that produce positive results and create a positive work environment are: 1. Authoritative (Mobilizes people toward a vision, encourages others to be a part); 2. Democratic (Works towards consensus, seeks the input of others); 3. Affliliative (Builds harmony and emotional bonds, people come first); and 4. Coaching (Develops people for the future, encourages new ideas/actions). These four styles, as well as the coercive and pacesetting, are demonstrated in the follower and leader interactions I have with James and Karen. I have to admit there are times when I say to them â€Å"Hold-up. You’re taking me too fast.† But I later appreciate that they trust my ability to do what they are asking me to do (even when I don’t). There are also times when they have to pull rank and say â€Å"just do it† because I am resistant and may not want to comply with what I’m being asked to do. I’m learning that there are times when they just want things accomplished. While it may not be my responsibility, it would prolong their desire to have the task accomplished if I don’t do it. Most of the time their leadership styles exhibit the characteristics of leadership apparent in the democratic, coaching, authoritative, and affliliative leadership styles. Not only are these leadership styles beneficial to me, they benefit the organizations the lead. Under their leadership, stressful and chaotic situations become less stressful and chaotic. No one can ever say that they don’t know what’s expected of them because the goals and objectives are always communicated clearly. Karen and James possess values that enable me to follow without reservation. Honesty is first and foremost. They also value people as individuals, recognizing individual strengths and weaknesses. Bjugstad theorizes that organizations can maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of leader-follower relationships by matching the styles of leaders and followers (Bjugstad, 2006). I did not seek leaders from the delegating leadership quadrant. The selected me and  have allowed me to develop into an exemplary follower. I also model their leadership styles and am growing as a leader. Exemplary leaders make it easy for others to be exemplary followers. References Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J., & Morris, A. (2006). A fresh look at followership: A model for matching followership and leadership styles. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 7(3), 304–319. Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78(2), 78-90. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from the Business Source Complete database. Gupta, S. (2011, July). Leadership that delivers results. Siliconindia, 14(7), 34-35. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from Business Source Complete. Retrieved from the Walden University library database. Johnson, B. (2011, September). Good followership. Training Journal, 32–36. Retrieved March 15, 2014, from the Walden Library databases. Kelley, R. E. (1988). In praise of followers. Harvard Business Review, 66(6), 142–148. Retrieved March 15m 2014, from the Walden Library databases. Walumbwa, F. O., Lawler, J. J., & Avolio. B. J. (2007). Leadership, individual differences, and work-related attitudes: A cr oss cultural investigation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 56(2), 212-230. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from the Business Source Complete database.

Summary and Analysis of Japanese, Korean and China Business Essay

Summary and Analysis of Japanese, Korean and China Business - Essay Example Horizontal KGBs are either ex-Zaibatsu (Mitsubishi, Mitsui), or bank-led (Sanwa, Fuyo). Vertical KGBs are divided into supplier and distribution: the former supply parts and components, whereas the latter operate as a distribution channel. There are also general trading companies (sogo shosha), which specialize in exports and imports and serve relevant intermediaries for foreign trade. Japanese enterprises exhibit and rely on unique management styles. Lifetime employment, seniority wages, and no lay-offs during recession are fairly regarded as the main and most advantageous features of the Japanese management style. Keiretsu companies can easily relocate their workforce from one unit to another, whereas bonuses play a cultural and historical role in profit sharing. As a result, Japan enjoys flexibility of labor compensation and has everything needed to reduce unemployment. Most Japanese enterprises start at the very bottom of the business ladder, gradually expand to become medium and large corporations and, eventually, win the world. Low prices and domestic markets are the two management priorities for start-ups. Management efficiency, technological improvements, huge R&D investments and managerial efficiency are the main drivers of business development in Japan. Lean production systems, division of labor, JIT philosophies, and economies of scale are all important sources of competitiveness. Kaizen is the basic system of quality control in Japan, which works through series of small improvements. Total Quality Control implies that employee participate in quality management. The success of Japanese firms is in (a) cost advantage; (b) long-term planning; (c) financial strategies; and (d) continuous striving to achieve high quality at a low cost. Until the beginning of the 1950s, the system and drivers of Foreign Direct Investments in Japan had been inward-looking and

Effects of the Book Uncle Tom's Cabin on American history Research Paper

Effects of the Book Uncle Tom's Cabin on American history - Research Paper Example Clare, Tom Locker, Simon Legree, George, Emmeline and Cassy. The book depicts how slaves such as Uncle Tom and Eliza experienced a lot of suffering due to their strong Christian beliefs in a slave society. In the book, the black slaves try to liberate themselves from slavery by taking up Christian beliefs or escaping to Canada. The book highly depicts various beliefs that people had during the days of slavery, and the experience blacks had during the struggle against slavery. In essence, the book â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† acted as a blue print, which helped in overcoming the issue of slavery that was experienced by blacks in America. This paper will explain why and how the book â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† had a profound effect on American history. Through this book, â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† was very instrumental when it came to the issue of slave abolition, which ultimately affected the American history. The book made individuals and most importa ntly, slaves became aware of the fact that abolition of slavery, becoming free and earning human rights was possible. The book became popular, and in the process influenced the way individuals thought about slavery. The influence the book had on the American people made one region of America, which is the Northern States abolish slavery. The people Southern States of America who still had the desire of embracing slavery did not appreciate this act (Stowe & Douglass 42). In essence, this book â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† can be considered as being a great mastermind behind the civil war that was witnessed in America between the Northern and Southern States. One of the greatest and bloodiest wars that were witnessed in American history is the civil war, which has its origins intertwined with the book â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin†. There are statements, which depict that the former President, Abraham Lincoln in 1962 told the writer of the book â€Å"Uncle Tomâ€℠¢s Cabin†, Stowe that she was the ingenious woman who initiated the civil war between the southerners and the northerners. That was a strong statement, which helped in exemplifying how the book, â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† affected American history. The book had a tremendous effect on America’s history because it featured the lives of characters who were truly suffering with no reason. This fact made the readers become empathetic towards the people who were subjected to slavery. It is clear to understand that the Northerners were highly affected by the books contents and as a result, the authorities came out with the announcement of making slavery unlawful (Stowe 56). The book â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† affected American history, by making the events in the book seem real and personal to the face of readers. All those negative circumstances that Uncle Tom and his colleagues experienced instilled the idea of antislavery in the minds of people who r ead the book and pictured the scenario. People who read the book became empathetic, after they pictured how their normal lives would be greatly depleted if slavery would be part of their societal norms. The book further showed how family values were something that did not have any worth at all when it came to slavery. This was when Eliza and her son are forced to escape to Canada and leave behind George, in order to avoid being sold to a different slave owner as a settlement of debt

Parenting styles- authoriative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parenting styles- authoriative - Essay Example In fact, most parents do not even care to keep track of what their children do. This is detrimental because it makes a child grow without knowing what is morally right or wrong. â€Å"Lack of proper parenting skills and styles have been blamed for such of the bad behaviors seen in children today† (Gray 15). As such, it is advisable for a parent to adopt effective parenting skills to ensure that a child grows up responsibly and morally upright. This discourse will present the parenting skills that parents need to adopt to help bring up children who are responsible, morally upright, and respectful in the society. Authoritative parenting style deals with being responsive to the emotional needs of children, reasoning with children, and setting limits. This parenting method is common amon middle class and it is assicated wit successful children. â€Å"Children brought up by authoritative parents are more likely to become self reliant, well behaved, socially accepted, and autonomou s† (Lookatch 55). In addition, they are less likely to show signs of anxiety and depression and they do not engage antisocial behavior such as use of drug and deliquency. Praising a child is also another important parental skill that parents need to observe. ... Praising a child for good behavior or for an achievement is important for the proper development of a child. Praising a child for an achievement in life motivates them to continue doing well in life (Gray 53). In addition, it helps in boosting a child’s self-esteem, which increases personal satisfaction. Discipline has been one of the most debated parenting issues in recent time. The debate has mainly centered on how a parent should discipline a child whenever they do wrong. However, Lookatch states that â€Å"discipline is very important in molding the behavior of a child† (Kapoor 45-46). As such, in the event that a child does a mistake, a parent should discipline the child immediately. This should also involve correcting the child instantly by showing them why it is wrong to engage in bad behaviors. Correcting and explaining to the child why it is wrong to engage in bad behaviors is important since it makes the child grow knowing that engaging in bad behavior is not acceptable. Showing a child love is one of the most important parenting skills needed for raising a healthy and morally upright child. Gerhardt states in his book â€Å"Why Love Matters† that love is an essential parenting skills that is needed in bring up a healthy child (Gerhardt 41). According to Gerhardt, â€Å"love plays a critical role in the development of the brain of a child during the early years of their lifem† (Kapoor 78). As such, to bring a healthy, respectful and a morally upright child, parents must show the love to a child all the time during their childhood. He attributed this to the fact that love plays a critical role in shaping a child’s social and emotional brain system. He also noted that â€Å"a child who is brought up with love tend to show the same love to others

Finding and Expert and Interviewing Expert Effectively Essay

Finding and Expert and Interviewing Expert Effectively - Essay Example Reviewing the phone book and yellow pages directory can be a good option while searching for experts. Going through the faculty directory can allow the researcher to know about the different expert research studies conducted and therefore can easily find the one most suitable for his or her research. Internet is a vast database of getting out all the available and accessible contacts of the experts. The encyclopedia is another good database for knowing about the relevant organizations and the experts present in them (Ballenger 2009). Once an expert has been found, the researcher or interviewer needs to carefully devise the interview mode so that maximum amount of useful information can be gathered from the experts accordingly and conveniently. The interview mode needs to be decided to find out the best mode of interviewing the expert candidate, the interview modes can be personal interviews, telephonic interviews or email interviews. After deciding upon the interview mode, the interviewer needs to carefully design the questions that will be posed towards the expert for gaining the information. Questions need to be designed systematically and should be made sure that all important aspects are covered for the research. Open ended questions tend to provide more in-depth information and clarification about any certain area. Close ended questions do not provide much detail. Personal experiences of the expert and their reflection are highly important to be incorporated in the research as it gives the study more weight and authenticity. Interview sessions should be regarded as conversations rather than surveys and during these interview conversations the researcher can get maximum detail about his questions. At times informal behavior may be required so as to get maximum details. The researcher needs to make a note of all the information being gathered during the interview session and this can be done

International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Financial Management - Essay Example Interest rate swaps are especially useful where on one hand, a firm wants to receive/make payment in the form of a variable interest rate and on the other hand another firm which prefers instead to receive/make payment in the form of fixed interest rate so as to limit its future risk. The first swap was executed over thirty years ago (Corb, 2012). The rationale behind such a derivative instrument is that, both parties to the financial arrangement have their own distinct priorities and requirements such that in swapping, there is a mutual benefit to be derived. This benefit arises from three major elements of the capital market: The comparative advantage, information asymmetries and fixed rate debt vis-a-vis the embedded options (Flavell, 2010). In essence, the monetary gain one party makes through the swap contract is equal to the monetary loss of the counterparty to the contract. This is to say that although there is the overall benefit of a minimized risk arising from uncertainties within the financial market, one party to the contract will incur some monetary loss. ... The most common forms of interest rate swaps include: Fixed for floating interest rate swap Floating for fixed interest swaps Same currency swaps Different currency swaps Discussion For firms such as ABC limited, a variable for fixed interest rate swap is very desirable. Firstly, with regard to synthetic fixed rate financing (also referred to as signaling). The asymmetric nature of the information environment means that firms themselves possess a better view of their levels of credit risks. As such, they require a credible way(s) of transmitting such information to the investors within the market. The firm’s borrowing of a short term debt instrument and swapping it for a fixed debt instrument signals good levels of credit of the firm to the market (Flavell, 2010). A firm is only able to do this in light of its improving future prospects. Any subsequent floating/variable debt instruments sought after will be at better and better rates (since the market can in itself recognize t his) provided that the market is sure that the firm’s projected level of credit is sound. Ordinarily, the market reacts harshly to any false signaling by firms about their credit levels. The market conducts a comparison of the firm’s signal now and its performance in the subsequent period; where the firm’s credit has not risen, the market assumes that the signaling was false and retrospectively the market may downgrade the firm’s credit rating by more than usual. Secondly, the underlying principal is not exchanged or swapped. This means that the maximum loss is substantially minimized to the net payments to the counterparties of the swap contract. Additionally, where the interest rate on floating debt

Epic Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epic Heroes - Essay Example Therefore, the extraordinary feats that heroes perform never fail to excite because each feat is unique and distinct in its own way. We read about heroes in storybooks and novels. We are impressed with their good looks and benevolence in movies. We are awe-struck by their deeds in thrillers. We are benumbed with fear as we watch them shadow ghosts and their ignoble cousins. The acts of heroism interest everyone due to their brush with difficult and sometimes seemingly impossible situations. This interest is highlighted even more when it is seen that the principal character in every story has traits and talents poles apart. Undoubtedly, the first ones who come to mind upon anything to do with the concept of hero are the Greek epic heroes like Odysseus with their supreme majestic good looks and gleaming, muscular frames. In the case of Odysseus, he is a mighty man in terms of his physique as well as mental abilities. The source of Odysseus strength and survival capacity is his reverence for the gods. He is capable of doing what no other man could dare through timely support from different gods in different situations. In terms of physical prowess there is no equal to the Greek epic heroes. They defied terrestrial and extra-terrestrial domains. The annals of a bishop wou... On the contrary, religious figures are commonly conceived as those whose lot it is to suffer and die! The Bishop in Les Miserables is tender-hearted and kind, but there is a steely resolve that carries the power to melt the hardest heart. The hero in Les Miserables has the unique ability to grasp a situation and turn it around to everyone's good. Mr Duvitch in The Strangers That Came to Town initially seems repulsive and unwanted in his neighborhood, but his humility and meekness silently impacts the neighborhood. Indeed, the plot in the story uncannily hides the true nature of the Duvitch family until the heroic albeit innate traits of Mr Duvitch unfold towards the end. Conclusion The writers of each story display extraordinary talents unique in their own ways. The Greek epics were written eons ago. But they continue to excite and inspire. Although the reader is well aware that Odysseus' exploits can only have happy ending she is willing to give the writer the opportunity to witness the range of his creativity and imagination. Thus, the plus point in the story is the use of the elements and situations made subtly and intricately delectable, and the reader lets the hero get away with nave tolerance in ingenuous ease since divine interventions and manipulations are treated with more interest and respect. Throughout human history, in each age and era, heroes have appeared center-stage, moved among people, lead from the front, took on mightier foes, and dispensed justice. They also sought peace, pursued noble missions, and built structures of benevolent justice. The mysterious ingredients of heroism have the potential to appear from the most unexpected sources and the most unlikely characters.

Industrial Haygene Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Industrial Haygene - Lab Report Example The length of the stain discoloration is an indication of the measured substance. The tube is graduated in percentage carboxy hemoglobin therefore readings are done directly from the graduations. The detector tubes measure air contaminants in the concentration range of occupational exposure limits. Their characterization is application dependents as illustrated in figure 2. The measurement assembly comprises of the Drager tube and pump. The gas detector pump delivers a precise volume of sample gas (usually 100mL) while simultaneously pulling it through the detector at a desired rate (figure 3). The pumps can either be short term or long term depending on user applications (Drager 25). They are dependent of external energy sources hence their diverse applications. In order to provide greater maneuverability, an extension hose may be utilized in hard to reach areas. There is a close relationship between the Carbon monoxide content of exhaled air. The respiratory carbon monoxide test is a reliable as well as efficient method for measuring carboxyhemoglobin content of blood (Dragger 38). The aim of this experiment is given a process of determining carbon monoxide concentration. The pump was routinely checked for leaks and suction capacity. Air was blown (exhaled air) into a 1L sampling bag with the aid of a resistance tube. The Drager tube, pump and were connected as in figure 5. The bellows of the Drager pump was then compressed to a maximum level and released. Suction is automatic on release of the bellows. The gas detector pump draws out air from the sample bag into the gas detector tube. Observe the length of the discoloration and read the graduations on the beaker. Carbon monoxide tube produces a light brownish green discoloration. The process was repeated two more times using different gas detector tubes. It is paramount that observations are

The Happiest Days of Your Life Essay Example for Free

The Happiest Days of Your Life Essay Normally you would think, that parents would have the best interest and intensions for their children. And parents, who are very ambitious on behalf of their children, are often a good prerequisite for the kids to get really far in a prestigious world. But at the same time any parent must also be careful, that the excessive pressure of expectations and so early defined objectives do not take away the play of childhood and at a later stage the child’s wish to formulate own goals of life. If your parent’s devote to invest themselves, their time and savings to pursue the ambition they carry on behalf of their child – which more often than not are projections of own lost ambitions – it is a very big burden for any child to carry. A 3rd person limited omniscient narrator tells Penelope Lively’s short story, from Charles point of view. But the narrator is partly an omniscient narrator, because we are very familiar with Charles emotions. Normally would a non-omniscient objective 3rd person narrator never know that Charles feels like the floor under him is shaking and the walls beside him is moving (p. 65 l. 7-9). Most of the story takes place on Preparatory School St. Edwards, and of course back and forth in the car. We are not told, when the story exactly is taking place. So it could have happened yesterday or many years ago. The environment in the story seems to be the upper class of society, which is clearly seen in this quote from the text; â€Å"She worked over the headmaster’s wife from shoes to hairstyle, pricing and assessing. Shoes old but expensive Russel and Bromley.Good skirt. Blouse could be Marks and Sparks not sure. Real pearls. Super Victorian ring.† (p. 63 l. 9-13). A normal middle-class woman could not name a price and a brand on what a random woman is wearing from head to toe. It shows us, that she properly belongs to the upper class herself. The lack of communication between Charles and his parents contribute to his parent’s lack of knowledge to know how Charles feels. And the lacks of knowledge result in they don’t recognize or understand that Charles actually doesn’t want to go to the school. But the problem is Charles parents are so busy trying to achieve all these things for their son, which they might not have had the opportunity to get, when they were at his age. There is nothing wrong with being ambitious for your children, but while the parents are very busy being just that, the consequences are that Charles disappears more and more in the background. They hear only what they would like to hear they close their eyes to reality. Charlie is around 6-13 years, since he is attending Preparatory School in the UK. You can feel that he’s really nervous. You certainly feel it when he sits in the car. He won’t eat the chocolate or read his comics. He is completely silent throughout visiting the school and just keeps on following the adult around the school halls, without saying a single word. I find the strongest signal on how Charles feels about starting at the school, when an echo of a boys voice saying he will mash him next term, running through his head. Another proof or signal that he’s hesitant is, when you see that he doesn’t respond or take actions when his mother asks; Would you like to go there, Charles? . Charles does not Anwar His face is haggard with anticipation, ` Next year, well mash you .. (p. 65 l 23-28). This excerpt from the text shows that although Charles is afraid of having to go to this school, then he’s to reluctant to say it. And yet another example on how Charles feelings is known; â€Å"A bell goes somewhere beyond doors and down corridors, and suddenly the children are all gone, clattering away and leaving him there with the heaving floor and the walls that shift and swing.† (p. 65 l. 7-9) He feels like the fear is getting out of hand. He does not thrive. He shuts everything out, but inside he is about to burst. His physical condition is there, but his mental state is not there. His mental state flees to a dreamlike state. And the dream-like state creates a kind of protection for him. Because he knows he can’t say it to anyone and certainly not to his parents. For no one is listening and if you are pressed enough, then these sorts of situations and circumstances will arise. The story reflects the difficulties of growing up. I don’t think the parents are even near to chose the right school for Charles. If it was the right school, then he wouldn’t be feeling as he does. You never know how the situation will turn out – he might get some good friends or he might go through hell and being bullied by the other boys all the time. That’s at least what he thinks; â€Å"The child does not answer. He looks straight ahead of him, at the road coiling beneath the bonnet of the car. His face is haggard with anticipation.  ´Next term, we’ll mash you†¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ . (p. 65 l 23-28). I think the title of the story is meant in an ironic way. I believe that the reason it’s called â€Å"The happiest days of your life† and not â€Å"The happiest days of my life† is because you always hear it from the parent’s perspective. They think the school is amazing and Charles is going to be so happy to go there. They never let Charles decide for himself. And I think the title of the story is based on the way his parents treats him.

Ethical Review Process: a Case Study

Ethical Review Process: a Case Study Ethical review of Case Study 2. Analysis of case study 2: Study design: This study aims to assess the following primary objectives: Maternal and infant feeding practices. Nutrition advice to Caucasian low-income post-partum women that receive Healthy Start vouchers Nutrition advice to general population of Pakistani women. However, it also aims to assess other secondary objectives including: Dietary intakes of Caucasian low-income post-partum women receiving Healthy Start vouchers using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Diet of the general population of Pakistani post-partum women using 24hr. dietary recalls. Determine influences on breastfeeding initiation, duration and weaning practices in Caucasian post-partum women receiving Healthy Start vouchers and of the general population of post-partum Pakistani women. Determine how area of deprivation, ethnicity, maternal age, educational level, dietary intake, coking ability and shopping behaviour influence infant feeding practices. Determine whether the introduction of Healthy start vouchers will have an effect on the nutrient intakes and eating patterns of new mothers and their infants. Determine if dietary information recommended under the Healthy Start initiative to low-income new mothers is delivered. Design: The study will be conducted similarly for both ethnic groups. The participating mothers will be contacted to arrange for a home visit (face-to-face interview) where a member of the nutrition research team (NRT) will administer a validated subject information questionnaire (SIQ) and an infant feeding questionnaire (IFQ). For the Pakistani women a 24-hr recall will also be performed during the home visits whereas for the Caucasian women a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) will be performed during the home visits. . Thereafter, an IFQ will be administered to both ethnic groups by a member of the NRT over the telephone at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 12 months post-partum. During these phone interviews the Pakistani population will also undergo a 24-hr recall whereas the Caucasian population will undergo an FFQ. Validity of research methods: Telephone interviews with relevant questionnaires are acceptable methods to gather enough information to answer the questions and objectives. However, validated questionnaires are required to assess their adequacy to answer the research questions. The face-to-face interview (home visit) might not be a valid method of assessment as the mother might be unfocused (constantly thinking on the wellbeing of the child) and uneasy especially if she is alone with the interviewer. This in turn could lead to possible risks and insurance issues to the researchers. Sample Size: The data presented only contained a range of how many participants will participate in each cohort (Caucasians -200-250, Pakistani – 150-200). There was no information whether the lower limit of the ranges was the actual sample size needed. Also, there is no data on how these ranges where obtained, no power calculation or data on how this was performed were included. In addition, as the ranges Analysis of discussion board From the start, all taking part in the committee noticed several discrepancies in the study. Primarily, we all noticed that there is no prior mentioning on how the researchers got permission to access (with the help of a midwife) potential participants medical notes. This raises serious doubt on the researchers eligibility to filter among potential participants before these could be contacted and asked for consent. I am also doubtful on why the Pakistani women are being selected. Are these being used as a representative for ethnic minorities which are on low incomes? There was no claim for this in the application and would therefore need further backing from literature or relevant statistics. The personal information sheet (PIS) is easy to understand and clear, however in some verses it was deemed to be informal (ex. â€Å"you may have to pay for it†), misleading, as in the PIS the participant is told that the data collected will be destroyed. However, in this application it is claimed that data will be stored for 5 years prior to destruction. In the PIS it is claimed that the study will be used to develop a screening tool, however this does not feature in the long list of aims and objectives presented in this application. In addition, there is no mention on what happens to data collected from participants if they eventually withdraw from the study, if data can be used by other researchers or even by third parties or on what criteria where these mothers contacted for participation. This could lead to a breach in confidentiality and may have been omitted as participation rates could suffer, nevertheless this needs further clarification and amending. Other questions have arisen on the study design, I was not convinced by the long list of objectives the study has as it makes the study unfocused. The 24-hour recall method used to collect data from Pakistani women only, is not explained and cannot be assessed on its validity for the study or whether needs ethical consideration. Anonymity and confidentiality was another issue raised. Although the researcher claims that confidentiality will be maintained at all times with each participant being assigned a code to maintain confidentiality, each participant will have her phone number and address recorded for the interviews, which could give the opposite result. This is further enhanced sine in one cohort a minority group is being assessed and participants can be easily identify. Feedback to Researchers Provisional opinion (Sub-committee) (changes required documentation) Provide copies of all questionnaires (validated). Why different questionnaires are used for the two population cohorts? Different methods used may give non-comparable results. Has proper permission from the potential participants been sought to filter through patient medical notes? Please provide any declarations or permission forms which state this. Can and will data gathered from this research be accessible by other potential researchers any third parties? How many participants are required to participate in the study? Include data on how power calculation was performed. Please provide information on how the 24-hour recall will be performed, what questions will be asked and provide the validated questionnaire that will be used. Include the following additional information in the PIS: Data storage time after study is complete. Why the participants have been approached and contacted for this study. Some sections need rewording as they can be deemed as informal or inappropriate (eg. â€Å"You may have to pay for it†). Clarify whether the study will be used to develop a screening tool as this is not mentioned in the aims of the study. Include whether data can be accessed by other potential researchers or third parties in the 5 year time window after study has been conducted. Address syntax errors in the inclusion and exclusion criteria used as these are the complete opposite of what the study is trying to achieve. Why are only Pakistani women included in one of the population cohorts? What is there significance? It is advised to focus on fewer aims and objectives to make the study more focused and retain better results. What happens to the data if participant withdraws from study? Why is data retained for 5 years before being destroyed? Why is this not stated in the PIS? Can data be retrieved by other potential researchers or third parties? The PIS states that the study will also be used to develop a screening tool, why is this not stated in the aims and objectives of the study? What is the potential to use home visits? Will this be beneficial or allow for more distress to the mother? Especially if she is alone. In the case that new mothers in both cohorts are found to need further care, is the advice extended to them even after the study is complete? Ethical Issues: Social or Scientific value The introduction of Healthy Start vouchers has helped low-income mothers to improve diet and feeding habits as these are deemed to be important for the developing child as it will help him decide what food is better for them. This study will help provide evidence to improve guidelines and also improve dietary advice given to these vulnerable mothers. Scientific validity Phone interviews and questionnaires are deemed an accept6able method to collect data for this study. However, face-to-face interviews (home visits) might not be as beneficial as stated as they might cause more distress to the mother. Fair participant selection The research team stated that the study conducted will ensure that participant confidentiality will be maintained by assigning a code to each participant. However, recording of phone numbers and addresses as will be necessary to conduct face-to-face and telephone interviews might not aid in this process especially with regard of the child. Favorable risk benefit ratio The study will has the potential of achieving evidence that will in the future give better advice to future new mothers that might be at risk. However, certain shortcomings still need attention. Informed consent Oral consent will first be sought from the participant, written consent will then be sought for the new mothers to participate in the study. However, no information regarding consent in accessing potential participant medical notes has been presented. Respect for potential and enrolled participants Home visits might be deemed as a distress for the new mothers as they will have to undergo an interview in their own home which might be uneasy. Also, access to the participants medical notes with prior consent is a complete breach of confidentiality and respect.

Why Band Directors Stick with it and Teach :: Band Directors Education Music Essays

Why Band Directors Stick with it and Teach It’s a question we all ask ourselves from time to time: "Why am I doing this? Is it really worth it?" For band directors, the question comes up a little more FREQUENTLY. The long rehearsals, hours of preparation and planning. Budget, buses and banged up tubas. Counseling and consoling. Lesson planning to tour planning." Why are you doing this?" Someone asked me once, "It’s only band". It’s only band? Studies show that those high school students least likely to be involved with drugs are band students. Six separate national independent studies showed students with four years of instrumental music scored 40-50% higher on their Math and English Sat scores that non –music students who had equal scores four years earlier. "Why" Music is the only subject that encompasses all seven learning intelligences. Music is one of only two subjects that "connects" the two independent sides of the brain –logical and creative. Similar studies showed that band students attend more regularly. They participate in their classrooms, look forward to and actually like school. They become more focused, more disciplined. An educated person is less likely to end up in jail, impaired by addictions, or homeless. Band teaches life skills. Where independent thinking is the model in most academic classrooms, teamwork is essential in band. Band students learn to work with and for each other. The three R’s in band include Respect, Responsibility, & Reliability. Our students learn to appreciate one another for their individual talents and their contributions to the organization as a whole. They learn positive social skills –the most important factor in our program –where we teach such qualities as confidence, pride, and self esteem; all values that will serve these young people well throughout the course of their life. Citizenship, team motivational skills/leadership skills, time management, organization skills, dependability, and honesty are instilled into band members. Band teaches students to face challenges and strive to reach higher and higher goals. Band is family. When your student walks onto campus, he or she is instantly adopted into the strongest society on campus. They will be spending their school days among the top achievers on campus, with fellow students who look out for one another and steer each other away from trouble instead of towards it. Teachers, staff, parents, and volunteers watch over all the kids as if they were their own.

Analysis of John Crossan :: essays research papers

Crossan asserts that the human body is a microcosm for the body politic, citing anthropologist Mary Douglas who states, â€Å"the body is a symbol of society† (77). This means that interactions between individuals serve as the basis for the macrocosm. Individuals are confined systems with distinct boundaries that are continuously guarding against outside threats. On the macrocosmic level, the ancient Roman patronal system offered severe consequences to those who fell outside or violated social boundaries. Chapter 4 entitled â€Å"In the Beginning is the Body† recognizes Jesus as a direct risk to society because of his adherence to open commensality and radical egalitarianism. But, despite the differences that estrange Roman society from Jesus’ community, the two groups are linked upon one important commonality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership power in ancient Roman society was maintained through a careful arrangement of social boundaries. These protective boundaries were symbolized by an explicit separation of the clean and unclean or the â€Å"us† and â€Å"them†. This ideology was initiated at the individual level by establishing the human body as a confined system that required certain standards in order to remain â€Å"clean† and acceptable. Rules or â€Å"margins† regarding eating, drinking, and socializing between classes were strictly followed because one’s home and table were the groundwork for empowering ancient Rome (68). When margins are no longer clear, the fibers that collate a national culture begin to tear at the seams. On the macrocosmic level, ancient Roman society employed a patronal system, which was upheld by a sense of moral duty that extended through the hierarchical ranks down to the most destitute (97). This system demanded adherence to social norms and severely punished individuals who did not preserve these boundaries. For example, the leper was often characterized as one of the most unclean and despised figures of society. Crossan suggests that the leper is not a danger as a result of his medical condition, but rather because of the â€Å"symbolic contamination† that threatened to compromise the identity of society (79). The leper was perceived as unclean because his disease rendered him different than â€Å"normal† people. On the other hand, Jesus advocated open commensality, which is the acceptance of all people equally. Jesus refused to treat the leper as an ostracized member of society and welcomed him into the Kingdom of God. This act of bringing the marginalized back into the community infuriated Rome, but spread Jesus’ reputation as a â€Å"healer†.

Plutonium :: essays research papers

Plutonium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium is a radioactive metallic element. Although it is occasionally found in nature, mostly all of our plutonium is produced artificially in a lab. The official chemical symbol for plutonium is Pu, coming from its first and third letters. Its atomic number is ninety-four. Plutonium is able to maintain its solid state until very high temperatures, melting at six hundred and forty degrees Celsius, and boiling at three thousand four hundred and sixty degrees. The density of Plutonium, at twenty degrees centigrade, is 19.86 grams per cubic centimeter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium was discovered, in the laboratory, by Glenn Theodore Seaborg, and his associate Edward M. McMillan. The two shared the Nobel prize in 1951 for their discoveries of Plutonium, Americium (Am), Curium (Cm), Berkelium (Bk), and Californium (Cf). In addition, Seaborg later contributed to the discovery of three more radioactive elements, Einsteinium (Es), Mendelevium (Md), and Nobelium (No). Plutonium was Seaborg’s first discovery. Its name came from Pluto, the planet after Neptune for which Neptunium was named. In 1940, at the University of California at Berkeley, he bombarded a sample of Uranium with deuterons, the nuclei in atoms of deuterium, transmuting it into plutonium. Shortly after, Seaborg was able to isolate plutonium 239, an isotope used in atomic bombs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium is a highly dangerous and poisonous element because it rapidly gives off radiation in the form of alpha particles. Alpha particles, which are identical to the nucleus of a helium atom, consist of two protons and two neutrons tightly bound together. Although the particles can only travel about five centimeters in the air, they can cause great damage when the enter the body, causing cancer and other serious health problems. Beyond the danger of their radiation, Plutonium will spontaneously explode when a certain amount, called critical mass, is kept together. Soon after the discovery of Plutonium, it was discovered that at least two oxidation states existed. It is now known to exist in oxidation states of +3, +4, +5, and +6.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, there are fifteen known isotopes of Plutonium, with mass numbers ranging between 232 and 246. The most important isotope is plutonium 239, or Pu-239. When struck by a neutron, this isotope undergoes a process called fission. In fission, When struck by a neutron, the nucleus of the plutonium atom is split into two nearly equal parts, and energy is released. Although the energy released by one atom is not much, the splitting of the nucleus releases more neutrons, which strike more plutonium atoms. This process, called a chain- reaction, produces enormous amounts of energy. This energy is often used to power nuclear reactors, or to provide the energy for nuclear weapons.

Beowulf Epic Hero

An epic hero is a character in an epic poem that is brave and noble and is admired by his followers for their achievements. Beowulf is an epic hero. He fits every description and is talked about in elevated language. In the story it is Beowulf duty to protect his people and defeat hideous monsters. When he hears about a wicked monster that killed Hoarder's son In a far off land he took It as another opportunity to prove himself. This was the first case of showing Beowulf as a hero because the wind and sea helped him and his men travel safely ND quickly and that didn't happen for Just anyone else.When they arrive and the watchman Is at first suspicious but realizes he Is Beowulf here to kill Greened and Warthogs welcomes him and treats him with high honor as only heroes get treated. In the battles throughout the story he Is put up against beasts that no other man can conquer. However, Beowulf Is able to defeat Greened with his bare hands showcasing his strength, Grenade's mother to sh ow us that Beowulf will get rid of the root of the problem and go the extra mile to defend people.Against the dragon he is t least 80 and is still able to defeat the dragon and this tells us that he can live longer than anyone else at the time. Beowulf is often â€Å"talked up† throughout the story. Elevated language is a technique used to describe all epic heroes. It talks about Beowulf hands being the hardest hands in the world, and Beowulf is even called â€Å"mighty protector of men. † This is a giveaway that he is an epic hero. In conclusion, Beowulf is an epic hero. He is braver, stronger, and smarter, than anyone in the world. Also, he is talked of in an elevated language to make sure he stands out from the rest of his people.

When We Were Kings

â€Å"When We Were Kings† directed by Leon Gast is a documentary about the boxer Muhammad Ali and the culture of African-American people. The music is used as one of the ways to provide information for the audience about what is happening within the film. The music helps the audience establish what it was like back in the 1970’s. It also shows African-American singers and how they are proud of their heritage like BB King and James Brown. The music also functions as a symbol to get information across, for example â€Å"The Succubus. The documentary songs relate to the theme of racial relationships and African-American identity. Setting: The film is set in the 1970’s within Zaire, Africa when Mobutu Sese Seko was in charge. It shows that the village life is very poor and crowded as it was a 2nd world country because it was still developing. There were power struggles e. g. Belgian Congo and also Mobutu was ruthless as he killed 10% of the criminals in Zaire. Even though this was all happening within the country the people of Africa were proud to be African. They showed this through the 3 day musical festival, where they had there traditional singing and dancing. The film shows footages of the African children and women dancing to the beat of the drum in their traditional clothing. During the 1970’s it was an insult to call African-American people African, but when Muhammad Ali came to Africa he saw how African people were proud of their heritage and that Africans and Americans shared similar loves for things like music. Ali then realised he should be glad to be African and apart of this exciting new way of life. The documentary depicts Ali to be the â€Å"Hero† in Zaire as he is seen as someone standing up for the African people. Similarities between Africans and African-Americans: African-American people were seen unequal to white people. Their social status was seen as unworthy and below the standards of white people. The musical performances, from James Brown’s screaming, soul singing and dancing, to B. B. King’s sweat, smooth strumming on the Lucille, inspired both the African’s and American’s who travelled there. The music united and influenced the people within Zaire to watch the fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. Muhammad Ali started to realise that black and white people aren’t much different, they care and love similar things such as education and music, specifically, the drums. The drums provided a sense of communication and rhythm betw een the two different cultures. The drum was the oldest instrument that the Africans used and now the African-American singers like James Brown uses it in his songs. it in his songs. Miriam Makeba – Mama Africa: Throught-out the film Miriam Makeba (Mama Africa) is singing the song â€Å"Am Am Pondo. † This is used to symbolise â€Å"Succubus. † Succubus is a women who has sexual intercourse with men in their sleep, until the tire out. This symbol was used since this is how Ali won agaist Foreman, as he let Foreman hit him until he became exhausted and then he striked with one punched and knocked him out. George Plimpton tells the story of the witch doctor who predicted that a â€Å"women with trembling hands† or a succubus in Zaire would take hold of George foreman and that he would not win the boxing match as the succubus will take all his strength and then bring Ali to victory. The filmmakers illustrate this by having Miriam Makeba perform the succubus. Everytime Foreman was shown on the documenty Miriam Makeba would be singing â€Å"Am Am Pondo† in the backgroud to indicate the Foreman does not belong in Africa and that he will get caught in Africa’s trap or being cursed by a female â€Å"Succubus. African children and women dancing to the beat of the drum in their traditional clothing. During the 1970’s it was an insult to call African-American people African, but when Muhammad Ali came to Africa he saw how African people were proud of their heritage and that Africans and Americans shared similar loves for things like music. Ali then realised he shoul d be glad to be African and apart of this exciting new way of life. The documentary depicts Ali to be the â€Å"Hero† in Zaire as he is seen as someone standing up for the African people. The film is he

Linguistic Diversity Essay

All children deserve an early childhood program or education that recognizes and respects their family, community, and linguistic diversity. In this nation, there are children of all ethnic and cultural backgrounds. â€Å"For young children to develop and learn optimally, the early childhood professional must be prepared to meet their diverse developmental, cultural, linguistic, and educational needs. Early childhood educators face the challenge of how best to respond to these needs. † (NAEYC, 1991) With that conveyed, I of course, believe that providing a child with quality linguistic diverse classrooms will allow them to grow and learn in a more successful way. Therefore, in this thesis, I will discuss the importance of having family and cultural involvement in language acquisition, formal English in the early childhood classroom and last but not least immersion programs. Let us first define what linguistic miscellany is. â€Å"Linguistically and culturally diverse is an educational term used by the U. S. Department of Education to define children enrolled in educational programs who are either non-English-proficient (NEP) or limited-English-proficient (LEP). Educators use this phrase, linguistically and culturally diverse, to identify children from homes and communities where English is not the primary language of communication. † (Garcia 1991). First learning the families and cultural involvement in language acquisition is essential. In this day and time, one must respect the issue of language in the child’s home. I have come to find in my experience with home visits and conferences that different cultures have different ways of communicating. Research has shown that the substance of family framework in verbal communication achievement is significant as to the â€Å"talkativeness in families in influencing language acquisition rather than the family’s socioeconomic status or ethnic group identity. Differences in language use were attributed to the complex family culture—not simply due to socioeconomic status or ethnic group identity. † (Otto, 2010)Just as your families, have rules for the household as to when children talk and when adults talk, so do other cultures. In some cultures or ethnic background, children are not allowed to talk unless they are spoken too. They are pretty much seen and not heard to an extend. Other cultures I have found that the child is allowed to say no matter how respectful or disrespectful it may be. However, the research has showed that children who are allowed to talk more have been found to score higher in language skills such as vocabulary growth and use. Therefore, these children tend to be more social and successful in all areas of development. Our text states there are five quality features in parents’ language interaction with their children that we can look at to help access them: †¢ Language diversity: the variation and amount of nouns and modifiers used by the parents, †¢ Feedback tone: the positive feedback given to children’s participation in the interaction, †¢ Symbolic emphasis: the emphasis placed on focusing on names and associated relations of the concepts and the recall of those symbols, †¢ Guidance style: parental interaction that used asking rather than demanding in eliciting specific behavior from the child and, †¢ Responsiveness: parental responsiveness to requests or questions initiated by children. (Otto, 2010) All these qualities can help you find the best way to build with the families and child’s language skills. In looking at the qualities of communication with children, we also need to look at the educational activities in the classroom. Instruction activities in the classroom should involve specific types of communication and relations. When teachers are looking at formal English, â€Å"they must remember that the second language must first target language in oral conversational form prior to being able to effectively acquire the academic register and written form used educational setting. † (Otto, 2010) Three approaches that involve precise language competencies related to formal English and academic register. They are: †¢ Cognitive includes written and hands on resources. The strategy must include the procedure that uses the cognitive processes. †¢ Metacognitive includes resources that evaluate their success. Once a child begins to reflect on their own learning, they can then begin to notice how they learn, how others learn and how they might amend how they learn to become more successful. This process may include organizing or planning, managing, monitoring, and then evaluating their learning process. †¢ Social-affective would be a teamwork activity with peers. It can include asking questions to simplify information or self-talking with positive statements. Formal English in the classroom becomes essential in learning especially when moving into higher grades in both verbal and written communication. Finally yet importantly, we need to look at immersion programs. In immersion programs, the intended language is used to instruct regular educational topics such as math and science. Students are then expected to achieve the same standards in these subjects as students learning through the medium of their first language. Immersion programs have goals that include: †¢ â€Å"advanced levels of functional proficiency in second language reading, writing, speaking and listening comprehension; †¢ age-appropriate levels of home language competence; †¢ grade-appropriate levels of academic achievement in non-language subjects, such as mathematics; and †¢ an understanding and appreciation of the culture of the target language group. † (LIC, 2008) Teachers in positions that include immersion programs should be fluent in both the language being taught and their first language. Success rates are immense in the United States and continue to sore in the classrooms. Providing opportunities to build language skills is essential in today’s society. We have so many different ethnical and cultural backgrounds. Each language brings a unique and imperative characteristic. We must continue to improve our language skills in ourselves and in the classroom. We do want all students to be victorious and achieve their goals at the highest level possible. I believe it would be a mind-numbing world if we did not have the diversity in this great country of ours. In review, this thesis looked at how family and cultural involvement in language acquisition is important. Formal English in the classroom is essential for a student to reach their highest goal to the fullest and with immersion programs; students can still be unique and successful at the same time. References Hakuta, K. , & E. Garcia. 1989. Bilingualism and education. American Psychologist 44 (2): 374–79. Language Immersion Centre (LIC) 2008 Retrieved from: http://www. kke. ee/index. php? lang=eng&menus_ID=1&pages_ID=1&mark=0 National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE). 1991. Retrieved from: http://www. naeyc. org/files/naeyc/file/positions/PSDIV98. PDF Otto, B. (2010). Language development in early childhood (3rd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Change

â€Å"Change involves a choice to alter one's view of others and their world† Change Is Inevitable, It can not Just simply be ceased however as Individuals, we are given the choice on what we make of it and how we allow it to alter our view of others and the world around us. The choice made on how the world is seen and how its occupants are as well can have a significant impact on someone's life and shape the type of person that this individual becomes.As evident in the following texts, Enter Without So Much As Knocking by Bruce Dade, No More Boomerang by Codger Announced, Night by Ell Wishes and Took The Children Away by Archly Roach, the Irrevocable change gives Individuals a choice, It Is up to this Individual on what they make of it whether it maybe a beneficial or detrimental impact whilst keeping in mind the alterations that this choice will inflict on their view of others and their world.These texts will further enhance the understanding of choice and how it has the pow er to formulate the type of future that awaits. The poem ‘No More Boomerang' by Codger Announced, depicts the type of life the Aboriginal people had and although the circumstances that they were placed into ere not Just or fair, they were also inescapable. However, with this being said, the Aboriginal people did have a distinct choice, they had a choice on what they made of themselves in the future and how they could endeavor to learn from these mistakes and grow as people.Much like ‘Night', ‘No More Boomerang' also reiterates a negative vibe and lifestyle within both the protagonist's lives, ‘Now all excelled- Color bar and beer' this quote from the poem clearly indicates the struggle that the Aboriginal people had during this time. The specification of color bar' shows that they were aggregated from the rest of the community because they were not good enough to be around the White people', a clear sign of dehumidification.With now being exposed to a more â €˜civilized' type of living, the Aboriginal people resorted to the foreign comfort of alcohol (been which resulted In the increase of Aboriginal alcoholism. Even though the Aboriginal people had a very slim chance of having a choice as to what happened to them during this devastating time, they still had a choice as to what happened to them afterwards. The protagonist could've made the choice to stop informing to the White Australians way of living and to go back to the type of living that he was accustomed to. Lay down the whomever, Lay down the waded. Now we got atom-bomb, End everybody, this quote clearly expresses the change that the Aboriginal people were heavily exposed to, from using their weapons for hunting and survival to having the power to destroy and corrupt within the palm of their hands. This further clarifies the fact that after being familiarized with the feeling of hatred and pain, the protagonist still clearly holds that bitter emotion towards the White Austral ians in his heart even though it was so long ago.This correlates with the protagonist of Night' who also still experiences the same feeling, only in different context. It represents the fact that they're still trying to heal from the pain and the sudden changes of their lives, It's something that they are unable to forget and of people and the world in a negative way. In comparison to ‘Night', although Lie had very conflicting views on life in general and how he saw people through out the book, as a result of his trauma, he has enabled himself to embrace the change.He, of course as stated previously, still feels bitter towards his past and the Germans, however he still believes that there is room for peace and that the world has the potential to ‘change' and be more aware of the severe situations that are happening within it's surroundings. This is explanatory in the quote, ‘l could not believe that human beings were being burned in our times; the world would never tolerate such crimes†¦ , it exhibits the fact that Lie was shocked that no one had come to help them during this devastating time, he presumed that everybody around the world would be aware of such atrocities cause these evil acts would have never been acceptable within that particular century. This quote was when the audience began to realize the sudden changes in the way Lie viewed the world at such a young age while experiencing these hardships. Despite this fact, Lie made the choice to think in this sort of way, regardless if it was portrayed negatively.His faith in the world and even God saving him and his people vanished, his ‘soul had been invaded- and devoured- by a black flame' which consequently lead to a resentment towards the said hopelessness of God and to the world, who saw but didn't act. Lie chose to allow this resentment to sake control of himself and his actions that eventually shaped the type of pessimistic and self-absorbed person he came to be. The p oem ‘Enter Without So Much As Knocking' by Bruce Dade examines the consequences of living such a negative life which is proved in the quote, ‘†¦Pretty soon he was old enough to be realistic like every other godless money-hungry back- stabbing miserable so-and-so†¦ ‘. This quote implies the negative impacts of living in a materialistic world, the protagonist complains a lot about this through out the poem but doesn't do anything particularly significant to change the issue. He puts a lot of emphasis on how this world is cruel and greedy and how people are ‘money-hungry and ‘miserable' but what is noted through out the poem is that he is part of that group of people that he despises.This states that he becomes too busy stating his cynical views on others and the world that he doesn't begin to realize that he is turning into one of those people and is continuously minimizing the happiness in his life. A ‘healthy tan he never had' furthermor e implies that he never went out and that he stays cooped up within the confines of his home or workplace instead of experiencing the freedom that is easily portrayed as something that he desperately wants.The ‘automatic smile with nothing behind it' represents that he only put up a smile for show and that he never really meant it and never really made the effort to either, which interrelates with him having made the choice to be this way. ‘Six feet down nobody interested', it is clear that the protagonist had the opportunity and choice to do something great with his life and not look at it in such a pessimistic way but instead he let himself waste away within a ‘money-hungry world created by back-stabbing, ‘miserable' people. S ‘Enter Without So Much as Knocking, ‘Night' and ‘No More Boomerang. In contrast to ‘No More Boomerang, it has been established that Aboriginal children were taken away from their homes and identified as the Sto len generation which is what ‘Took The Children Away is solely about. The similar aspects of these poems is that they didn't have a choice in the matter but they had the choice to establish a better living for themselves. The biggest obstacle that they faced was that they were confused about who they really were, 'cause we were acting white yet feeling back.Even though they were vulnerable to the destruction of their homes and way of living due to their young ages and thoroughly challenged the way they saw the world, they had to embrace this ‘change' and life experience. They shouldn't have let their purity be tainted and not have given this change the power to alter their view of others and their world in such a, once again, negative way. ‘AWESOME' also explores the same aspects of negativity through a similar modernism environment. Both protagonists didn't approve of the modernism, money-functioning world however both parties did conform to it.The Aboriginal chil dren were forced into it but still had the choice of what to make of it and the protagonist of ‘AWESOME' had the choice of making a difference but chose to continue on with his critical behavior. The quote, ‘Came and didn't give a damn' indicates the carelessness of the White Australians and how they treated the children as animals rather than humans, this shaped the children's perspectives of people in general and the beginning of a globalizes world around them.In correlation with ‘Night' and ‘Took the children away there are a few similarities and differences between the two texts. In ‘Night', Lie Weasel's view on the world and it's people changed a lot. He constantly held bitterness in his heart and his religious views and beliefs that were once, the fundamental reason for his being, were challenged as he continued to survive his dangerous life, this is evident in the quote, ‘It's over. God is no longer with us'.In his quest for survival, Lie l ost a part of himself, his views on people ad the world was detrimental due to the drastic change that he encountered through out his childhood. A distinct similarity between these two texts is that both the Aboriginal people and the Jews were dehumidified, in Night', ‘Faster you filthy dogs! ‘ and in ‘Took the children away, the simile, ‘†¦ Fenced us in like sheep'. They were both taken away from the familiarity of their beliefs and customs and thrown into something that they never expected which as a result of this, lost an important part of themselves.However, despite this fact, we are only exposed to Else's negativity through the confines of his book, but really as he grew older he began to realize that he had a choice in how he viewed people and the world. Having a grudge on something that he couldn't have prevented would have just been a waste of time and he wouldn't have time to enjoy the brighter things in life. Regardless of the rocky start to h is teenage years, he has grown up to understand that he needed to turn his life around and make it into something worth living.He didn't resort to alcohol, drugs or violence but to a more peaceful type of living. He sees a brighter future for our world, one that had the potential to really help others in need and to imitate the love that God provides us, towards each other. Say that change does involve a choice to alter one's view others and their world. However, it is up to the individual on what they make of it and how much power they give it to control the person they're meant to be in the future.Negative changes can constitute to negative views but it can also constitute to positive ones and even if these changes are inevitable what isn't, is how you learn from them and gain knowledge to apply to everyday circumstances. As individuals we all have a choice to make whether beneficial or detrimental but we must understand that regardless of this the change will, without a doubt, al ter one's view of others and their world. Change â€Å"Change involves a choice to alter one's view of others and their world† Change Is Inevitable, It can not Just simply be ceased however as Individuals, we are given the choice on what we make of it and how we allow it to alter our view of others and the world around us. The choice made on how the world is seen and how its occupants are as well can have a significant impact on someone's life and shape the type of person that this individual becomes.As evident in the following texts, Enter Without So Much As Knocking by Bruce Dade, No More Boomerang by Codger Announced, Night by Ell Wishes and Took The Children Away by Archly Roach, the Irrevocable change gives Individuals a choice, It Is up to this Individual on what they make of it whether it maybe a beneficial or detrimental impact whilst keeping in mind the alterations that this choice will inflict on their view of others and their world.These texts will further enhance the understanding of choice and how it has the pow er to formulate the type of future that awaits. The poem ‘No More Boomerang' by Codger Announced, depicts the type of life the Aboriginal people had and although the circumstances that they were placed into ere not Just or fair, they were also inescapable. However, with this being said, the Aboriginal people did have a distinct choice, they had a choice on what they made of themselves in the future and how they could endeavor to learn from these mistakes and grow as people.Much like ‘Night', ‘No More Boomerang' also reiterates a negative vibe and lifestyle within both the protagonist's lives, ‘Now all excelled- Color bar and beer' this quote from the poem clearly indicates the struggle that the Aboriginal people had during this time. The specification of color bar' shows that they were aggregated from the rest of the community because they were not good enough to be around the White people', a clear sign of dehumidification.With now being exposed to a more â €˜civilized' type of living, the Aboriginal people resorted to the foreign comfort of alcohol (been which resulted In the increase of Aboriginal alcoholism. Even though the Aboriginal people had a very slim chance of having a choice as to what happened to them during this devastating time, they still had a choice as to what happened to them afterwards. The protagonist could've made the choice to stop informing to the White Australians way of living and to go back to the type of living that he was accustomed to. Lay down the whomever, Lay down the waded. Now we got atom-bomb, End everybody, this quote clearly expresses the change that the Aboriginal people were heavily exposed to, from using their weapons for hunting and survival to having the power to destroy and corrupt within the palm of their hands. This further clarifies the fact that after being familiarized with the feeling of hatred and pain, the protagonist still clearly holds that bitter emotion towards the White Austral ians in his heart even though it was so long ago.This correlates with the protagonist of Night' who also still experiences the same feeling, only in different context. It represents the fact that they're still trying to heal from the pain and the sudden changes of their lives, It's something that they are unable to forget and of people and the world in a negative way. In comparison to ‘Night', although Lie had very conflicting views on life in general and how he saw people through out the book, as a result of his trauma, he has enabled himself to embrace the change.He, of course as stated previously, still feels bitter towards his past and the Germans, however he still believes that there is room for peace and that the world has the potential to ‘change' and be more aware of the severe situations that are happening within it's surroundings. This is explanatory in the quote, ‘l could not believe that human beings were being burned in our times; the world would never tolerate such crimes†¦ , it exhibits the fact that Lie was shocked that no one had come to help them during this devastating time, he presumed that everybody around the world would be aware of such atrocities cause these evil acts would have never been acceptable within that particular century. This quote was when the audience began to realize the sudden changes in the way Lie viewed the world at such a young age while experiencing these hardships. Despite this fact, Lie made the choice to think in this sort of way, regardless if it was portrayed negatively.His faith in the world and even God saving him and his people vanished, his ‘soul had been invaded- and devoured- by a black flame' which consequently lead to a resentment towards the said hopelessness of God and to the world, who saw but didn't act. Lie chose to allow this resentment to sake control of himself and his actions that eventually shaped the type of pessimistic and self-absorbed person he came to be. The p oem ‘Enter Without So Much As Knocking' by Bruce Dade examines the consequences of living such a negative life which is proved in the quote, ‘†¦Pretty soon he was old enough to be realistic like every other godless money-hungry back- stabbing miserable so-and-so†¦ ‘. This quote implies the negative impacts of living in a materialistic world, the protagonist complains a lot about this through out the poem but doesn't do anything particularly significant to change the issue. He puts a lot of emphasis on how this world is cruel and greedy and how people are ‘money-hungry and ‘miserable' but what is noted through out the poem is that he is part of that group of people that he despises.This states that he becomes too busy stating his cynical views on others and the world that he doesn't begin to realize that he is turning into one of those people and is continuously minimizing the happiness in his life. A ‘healthy tan he never had' furthermor e implies that he never went out and that he stays cooped up within the confines of his home or workplace instead of experiencing the freedom that is easily portrayed as something that he desperately wants.The ‘automatic smile with nothing behind it' represents that he only put up a smile for show and that he never really meant it and never really made the effort to either, which interrelates with him having made the choice to be this way. ‘Six feet down nobody interested', it is clear that the protagonist had the opportunity and choice to do something great with his life and not look at it in such a pessimistic way but instead he let himself waste away within a ‘money-hungry world created by back-stabbing, ‘miserable' people. S ‘Enter Without So Much as Knocking, ‘Night' and ‘No More Boomerang. In contrast to ‘No More Boomerang, it has been established that Aboriginal children were taken away from their homes and identified as the Sto len generation which is what ‘Took The Children Away is solely about. The similar aspects of these poems is that they didn't have a choice in the matter but they had the choice to establish a better living for themselves. The biggest obstacle that they faced was that they were confused about who they really were, 'cause we were acting white yet feeling back.Even though they were vulnerable to the destruction of their homes and way of living due to their young ages and thoroughly challenged the way they saw the world, they had to embrace this ‘change' and life experience. They shouldn't have let their purity be tainted and not have given this change the power to alter their view of others and their world in such a, once again, negative way. ‘AWESOME' also explores the same aspects of negativity through a similar modernism environment. Both protagonists didn't approve of the modernism, money-functioning world however both parties did conform to it.The Aboriginal chil dren were forced into it but still had the choice of what to make of it and the protagonist of ‘AWESOME' had the choice of making a difference but chose to continue on with his critical behavior. The quote, ‘Came and didn't give a damn' indicates the carelessness of the White Australians and how they treated the children as animals rather than humans, this shaped the children's perspectives of people in general and the beginning of a globalizes world around them.In correlation with ‘Night' and ‘Took the children away there are a few similarities and differences between the two texts. In ‘Night', Lie Weasel's view on the world and it's people changed a lot. He constantly held bitterness in his heart and his religious views and beliefs that were once, the fundamental reason for his being, were challenged as he continued to survive his dangerous life, this is evident in the quote, ‘It's over. God is no longer with us'.In his quest for survival, Lie l ost a part of himself, his views on people ad the world was detrimental due to the drastic change that he encountered through out his childhood. A distinct similarity between these two texts is that both the Aboriginal people and the Jews were dehumidified, in Night', ‘Faster you filthy dogs! ‘ and in ‘Took the children away, the simile, ‘†¦ Fenced us in like sheep'. They were both taken away from the familiarity of their beliefs and customs and thrown into something that they never expected which as a result of this, lost an important part of themselves.However, despite this fact, we are only exposed to Else's negativity through the confines of his book, but really as he grew older he began to realize that he had a choice in how he viewed people and the world. Having a grudge on something that he couldn't have prevented would have just been a waste of time and he wouldn't have time to enjoy the brighter things in life. Regardless of the rocky start to h is teenage years, he has grown up to understand that he needed to turn his life around and make it into something worth living.He didn't resort to alcohol, drugs or violence but to a more peaceful type of living. He sees a brighter future for our world, one that had the potential to really help others in need and to imitate the love that God provides us, towards each other. Say that change does involve a choice to alter one's view others and their world. However, it is up to the individual on what they make of it and how much power they give it to control the person they're meant to be in the future.Negative changes can constitute to negative views but it can also constitute to positive ones and even if these changes are inevitable what isn't, is how you learn from them and gain knowledge to apply to everyday circumstances. As individuals we all have a choice to make whether beneficial or detrimental but we must understand that regardless of this the change will, without a doubt, al ter one's view of others and their world. Change â€Å"Change involves a choice to alter one's view of others and their world† Change Is Inevitable, It can not Just simply be ceased however as Individuals, we are given the choice on what we make of it and how we allow it to alter our view of others and the world around us. The choice made on how the world is seen and how its occupants are as well can have a significant impact on someone's life and shape the type of person that this individual becomes.As evident in the following texts, Enter Without So Much As Knocking by Bruce Dade, No More Boomerang by Codger Announced, Night by Ell Wishes and Took The Children Away by Archly Roach, the Irrevocable change gives Individuals a choice, It Is up to this Individual on what they make of it whether it maybe a beneficial or detrimental impact whilst keeping in mind the alterations that this choice will inflict on their view of others and their world.These texts will further enhance the understanding of choice and how it has the pow er to formulate the type of future that awaits. The poem ‘No More Boomerang' by Codger Announced, depicts the type of life the Aboriginal people had and although the circumstances that they were placed into ere not Just or fair, they were also inescapable. However, with this being said, the Aboriginal people did have a distinct choice, they had a choice on what they made of themselves in the future and how they could endeavor to learn from these mistakes and grow as people.Much like ‘Night', ‘No More Boomerang' also reiterates a negative vibe and lifestyle within both the protagonist's lives, ‘Now all excelled- Color bar and beer' this quote from the poem clearly indicates the struggle that the Aboriginal people had during this time. The specification of color bar' shows that they were aggregated from the rest of the community because they were not good enough to be around the White people', a clear sign of dehumidification.With now being exposed to a more â €˜civilized' type of living, the Aboriginal people resorted to the foreign comfort of alcohol (been which resulted In the increase of Aboriginal alcoholism. Even though the Aboriginal people had a very slim chance of having a choice as to what happened to them during this devastating time, they still had a choice as to what happened to them afterwards. The protagonist could've made the choice to stop informing to the White Australians way of living and to go back to the type of living that he was accustomed to. Lay down the whomever, Lay down the waded. Now we got atom-bomb, End everybody, this quote clearly expresses the change that the Aboriginal people were heavily exposed to, from using their weapons for hunting and survival to having the power to destroy and corrupt within the palm of their hands. This further clarifies the fact that after being familiarized with the feeling of hatred and pain, the protagonist still clearly holds that bitter emotion towards the White Austral ians in his heart even though it was so long ago.This correlates with the protagonist of Night' who also still experiences the same feeling, only in different context. It represents the fact that they're still trying to heal from the pain and the sudden changes of their lives, It's something that they are unable to forget and of people and the world in a negative way. In comparison to ‘Night', although Lie had very conflicting views on life in general and how he saw people through out the book, as a result of his trauma, he has enabled himself to embrace the change.He, of course as stated previously, still feels bitter towards his past and the Germans, however he still believes that there is room for peace and that the world has the potential to ‘change' and be more aware of the severe situations that are happening within it's surroundings. This is explanatory in the quote, ‘l could not believe that human beings were being burned in our times; the world would never tolerate such crimes†¦ , it exhibits the fact that Lie was shocked that no one had come to help them during this devastating time, he presumed that everybody around the world would be aware of such atrocities cause these evil acts would have never been acceptable within that particular century. This quote was when the audience began to realize the sudden changes in the way Lie viewed the world at such a young age while experiencing these hardships. Despite this fact, Lie made the choice to think in this sort of way, regardless if it was portrayed negatively.His faith in the world and even God saving him and his people vanished, his ‘soul had been invaded- and devoured- by a black flame' which consequently lead to a resentment towards the said hopelessness of God and to the world, who saw but didn't act. Lie chose to allow this resentment to sake control of himself and his actions that eventually shaped the type of pessimistic and self-absorbed person he came to be. The p oem ‘Enter Without So Much As Knocking' by Bruce Dade examines the consequences of living such a negative life which is proved in the quote, ‘†¦Pretty soon he was old enough to be realistic like every other godless money-hungry back- stabbing miserable so-and-so†¦ ‘. This quote implies the negative impacts of living in a materialistic world, the protagonist complains a lot about this through out the poem but doesn't do anything particularly significant to change the issue. He puts a lot of emphasis on how this world is cruel and greedy and how people are ‘money-hungry and ‘miserable' but what is noted through out the poem is that he is part of that group of people that he despises.This states that he becomes too busy stating his cynical views on others and the world that he doesn't begin to realize that he is turning into one of those people and is continuously minimizing the happiness in his life. A ‘healthy tan he never had' furthermor e implies that he never went out and that he stays cooped up within the confines of his home or workplace instead of experiencing the freedom that is easily portrayed as something that he desperately wants.The ‘automatic smile with nothing behind it' represents that he only put up a smile for show and that he never really meant it and never really made the effort to either, which interrelates with him having made the choice to be this way. ‘Six feet down nobody interested', it is clear that the protagonist had the opportunity and choice to do something great with his life and not look at it in such a pessimistic way but instead he let himself waste away within a ‘money-hungry world created by back-stabbing, ‘miserable' people. S ‘Enter Without So Much as Knocking, ‘Night' and ‘No More Boomerang. In contrast to ‘No More Boomerang, it has been established that Aboriginal children were taken away from their homes and identified as the Sto len generation which is what ‘Took The Children Away is solely about. The similar aspects of these poems is that they didn't have a choice in the matter but they had the choice to establish a better living for themselves. The biggest obstacle that they faced was that they were confused about who they really were, 'cause we were acting white yet feeling back.Even though they were vulnerable to the destruction of their homes and way of living due to their young ages and thoroughly challenged the way they saw the world, they had to embrace this ‘change' and life experience. They shouldn't have let their purity be tainted and not have given this change the power to alter their view of others and their world in such a, once again, negative way. ‘AWESOME' also explores the same aspects of negativity through a similar modernism environment. Both protagonists didn't approve of the modernism, money-functioning world however both parties did conform to it.The Aboriginal chil dren were forced into it but still had the choice of what to make of it and the protagonist of ‘AWESOME' had the choice of making a difference but chose to continue on with his critical behavior. The quote, ‘Came and didn't give a damn' indicates the carelessness of the White Australians and how they treated the children as animals rather than humans, this shaped the children's perspectives of people in general and the beginning of a globalizes world around them.In correlation with ‘Night' and ‘Took the children away there are a few similarities and differences between the two texts. In ‘Night', Lie Weasel's view on the world and it's people changed a lot. He constantly held bitterness in his heart and his religious views and beliefs that were once, the fundamental reason for his being, were challenged as he continued to survive his dangerous life, this is evident in the quote, ‘It's over. God is no longer with us'.In his quest for survival, Lie l ost a part of himself, his views on people ad the world was detrimental due to the drastic change that he encountered through out his childhood. A distinct similarity between these two texts is that both the Aboriginal people and the Jews were dehumidified, in Night', ‘Faster you filthy dogs! ‘ and in ‘Took the children away, the simile, ‘†¦ Fenced us in like sheep'. They were both taken away from the familiarity of their beliefs and customs and thrown into something that they never expected which as a result of this, lost an important part of themselves.However, despite this fact, we are only exposed to Else's negativity through the confines of his book, but really as he grew older he began to realize that he had a choice in how he viewed people and the world. Having a grudge on something that he couldn't have prevented would have just been a waste of time and he wouldn't have time to enjoy the brighter things in life. Regardless of the rocky start to h is teenage years, he has grown up to understand that he needed to turn his life around and make it into something worth living.He didn't resort to alcohol, drugs or violence but to a more peaceful type of living. He sees a brighter future for our world, one that had the potential to really help others in need and to imitate the love that God provides us, towards each other. Say that change does involve a choice to alter one's view others and their world. However, it is up to the individual on what they make of it and how much power they give it to control the person they're meant to be in the future.Negative changes can constitute to negative views but it can also constitute to positive ones and even if these changes are inevitable what isn't, is how you learn from them and gain knowledge to apply to everyday circumstances. As individuals we all have a choice to make whether beneficial or detrimental but we must understand that regardless of this the change will, without a doubt, al ter one's view of others and their world.