Alternative Medical Treatments essays

Alternative Medical Treatments essays Alternative Therapy Websites: Fact or Fiction? Much information concerning alternative medicine is readily available on the internet for anyone who may be interested, however, the question remains whether or not this abundance of information is reliable and accurate or pure quackery. The websites being evaluated in this article are http://altmed.od.nig.gov and www.alternativemedicine.com. The differences between these two websites are a perfect illustration that one must be cautious and critical of all information obtained via the internet. The National Institute of Healths website, http://altmed.od.nig.gov, is a good example of a reliable and well-informed source of knowledge. The website clearly denotes contact and sponsorship information on their homepage. It is extremely clear where one would call, email or write if there were questions, problems or concerns. Moreover, it clearly states that one should not use the information obtained by this website to seek therapy or treatment without talking to a doctor or health care provider. It also defines what NCCAM (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) is, what they do and who with whom they are affiliated. Additionally, by clicking on a topic one can easily obtain very specific and well-credentialed background of the director of the program. The entire website is detail oriented, factual and well documented. It is up-to-date as the website says that it was last modified 8/24/01. The NCCAM website was also extremely user friendly (good graphics, well divided subject headings) and easy to maneuver. Overall, this website was an excellent source of information for students, researchers or anyone interested in information on alternative medicine. In contrast to the NCCAM website was www.alternativemedicine.com, The Voice of Health. I found this website rather amusing as it was very obvious that information was not at ...

How to Graduate High School Early 5 Key Steps

How to Graduate High School Early 5 Key Steps SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a high school student who’s thinking about graduating early? Maybe you have an exciting internship offer, want to start college early, or are just interested in finishing high school faster. The good news is that graduating high school early is often not as challenging as people think. This guide will give you all the tips and information you need to know about how to graduate from high school early in an easy and hassle-free way, and it will help you decide if graduating early is the right decision for you. What Does It Mean to Graduate High School Early? In the US, the typical high school education lasts four years. Students who want to graduate early aim to complete their high school in less than four years, typically in three or three and a half years. Unless you are home schooled or attend a non-traditional school, it’s often difficult or impossible to graduate high school if you have completed less than three years. This is because students often can’t complete all their graduation requirements in less than three years. If you graduate early, you will receive the same diploma as any other graduate from your high school. Your transcript won’t have any special indication that you graduated early, other than the fact that it contains fewer semesters than a typical high school transcript. Why Would You Want to Graduate Early? What are the benefits of graduating high school early? Here are three of the most common reasons students plan to complete high school in less time. You Want to Start Your Next Education Phase Early One common reason why students choose to graduate high school early is because they want to get a head-start on college or technical school. You may want to do this if you have a lot of school ahead of you (say, if you're planning on attending med school or getting a PhD), and you want to get ahead so you can eventually complete your schooling a bit earlier. You could also be interested in only attending college part-time but still want to graduate when you're 22, or you may just want to finish school more quickly so you can enter the workforce sooner. Completing high school early can help make each of these situations possible. Graduating high school early can mean you enroll full-time at a new school, or you might just enroll in a few classes. Students who enroll part-time often have a part-time job as well to help pay for classes. You Want to Purse an Opportunity Before College You may also have another opportunity you want to take advantage of that isn’t related to classes. This could be an internship to get career experience, a job to earn money, or a similar opportunity you think is worth finishing high school early for. Gap years, where students take a year or so off from school to travel, work, or have another experience, are becoming increasingly popular among high school and college-aged students. If you decide to do one, there are lots of options available, depending on your interests. You could work at a theater, help out at an archaeological dig, volunteer, or do one of many other opportunities. Spending a year away from school can help you get a better idea of how you want to spend the rest of your life, and it can also give you some great experiences. You Don't Enjoy High School A third reason you may want to graduate high school early is that you just don’t enjoy it. Some people feel lonely or out-of-place in high school, and others simply don’t feel like they’re learning a lot. This can be a legitimate reason to graduate high school early, but make sure you understand that it will take time and effort on your part to plan it out, and you won’t be able to finish high school immediately. Disliking high school could be a reason to graduate early. How to Graduate High School Early So, how can you graduate high school early? I’ve outlined the steps you need to follow below. There’s a bit a math involved, but nothing you can’t handle; after all, you’ll soon be a high school graduate. Step 1: Decide When You Want to Graduate This first step is pretty simple; all you need to do is decide how early you want to graduate high school. Do you want to graduate a semester early? An entire year? How long do you want to spend pursuing whatever it is you’re doing instead of attending high school? When figuring this out, keep in mind that it’s often easier to graduate just a semester early instead of an entire year. If that doesn’t seem like a long enough time to you, remember that, even if you only graduate a semester early, you’ll finish high school in December or January. If you start college the following September, that still gives you about eight months of time to work, travel, or pursue another opportunity. If you still need help deciding, talk to your academic adviser. They’re a great resource to have, and they’ll likely be able to help make this process easier (plus you’ll have to let them know if you officially decide to graduate early, so you may as well start talking to them now). Step 2: Figure Out How Many Credits You Need to Graduate Now that you know when you want to graduate, it’s time to get into the math. Almost every high school requires its students to complete a certain number of credits before they can graduate. Look in your student handbook or ask your academic adviser to find out how many credits your particular high school requires. As an example, we’ll use the high school I graduated from, which required its students to complete 21 credits, with each class worth about 0.5 credits per semester. Now, figure out how many credits you’ve already completed. You can usually find this information on your report card or transcript, or you can ask your adviser. Next, subtract the number of credits you’ve completed from the number of total credits you need to graduate. The answer you get is the number of credits you’ll need to take before you can graduate. The good news for you is that the number of graduating credits for most high schools often doesn’t require you to complete four full-time years of school. Again, for my high school, you needed to complete 21 credits to graduate, but a student attending high school full-time would complete about 7 credits each year, meaning most students at the end of their junior year would already have enough credits to graduate. The number of credits you need to take isn’t all you need to worry about though, so let’s move on to the next step. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Step 3: Figure Out Which Classes You Need to Graduate Now you need to figure out the specific classes you need to take to graduate. Look at your student handbook or talk to your adviser to learn which classes students at your high school must take in order to graduate. This will usually require a certain number of semesters of math, English, science, and social studies, as well as some possible other requirements such as gym or a fine arts class. Make a list of all the required classes you haven’t taken yet. Sometimes the requirements are general, such as taking six semesters of math, while other times they’re more specific, like all students must take algebra and geometry. Pay attention to this when making your list. Be aware the most high schools require four years of English but often fewer years of other core subjects. To again use my former high school as an example, all students had to complete: 4 years of English 3 years of math 2 to 3 years of science 2 years of social studies 1 year of foreign language 4 years of gym a fine arts class, a typing class, a driver's education class, and a consumer education class Which classes does your high school require you to take? Step 4: Figure Out Which Classes the Colleges You're Interested in Require Now we move on from classes that you must take in order to graduate and focus instead on classes it would be a good idea for you to take, but aren't required. Many times, the bare minimum high school graduation requirements aren't enough to get you into top colleges. For example, your high school may only require you to take two years of social studies, but the colleges you’re interested in may want three to four years. Look at the admission requirements for several colleges you’re interested in, and add any additional requirements they have to the list of classes you need to take. Keep in mind that you’ll want to take more classes in the subject(s) you plan to study in college. So if you’re planning on majoring in biology, you may be fine taking just three years of social studies, but you’ll probably want to take four years each of math and science if you’re looking to get into more competitive schools. Step 5: Set Up a Schedule for When to Take the Rest of Your Classes Now that you know how many credits you need to take and which classes you need to complete, it’s time to start figuring out how you’ll graduate high school early. Make blank schedules for each semester you have left of high school. So, say I just finished my sophomore year, I take eight classes a day, and I want to graduate a semester early. I’d make three columns, each with eight blank spaces, representing all the room I have left to take classes (see example below). Next, begin filling in the blanks, starting with the classes that are required to graduate. For each class, put its number of credits next to it in parentheses. For some spots, you may not know exactly what class you’ll be taking next, but you can put its general subject down for now, such as â€Å"English class (3 credits).† After you’ve filled in required classes, and if you have extra space, start adding other classes you’d like to take or would be helpful for you to get into college. Once all the spaces on your schedule have been filled in, add up all the credits you’ll have completed. Have you met the minimum requirement for your school? If not, how many classes will you need to take to meet it? Next, look at what classes are left over on your list. Are there any required classes you weren’t able to fit? Any classes you don’t have to take but would like to? If you need to take either additional credits or classes, start thinking of ways you can fit them in outside of the normal school day. Some options include summer classes, taking classes at a nearby community college or university, or taking online classes. For each of these options, make sure you discuss it with your adviser before you enroll to make sure you’ll get the required credit you need. Once you’ve figured out how you’ll take each of these extra classes, add the information to your schedule. Look at the junior and senior year schedule below for an example: Fall 2016 Spring 2017 Summer 2017 Fall 2017 Pre-calculus (0.5 credits) Pre-calculus (0.5 credits) Calculus I (0.5 credits) Math elective (0.5 credits) Physics (0.5 credits) Physics (0.5 credits) Calculus II (0.5 credits) Science elective (0.5 credits) US History (0.5 credits) US History (0.5 credits) English elective (0.5 credits) American Literature (0.5 credits) American Literature (0.5 credits) English elective (0.5 credits) French III (0.5 credits) French III (0.5 credits) Consumer Ed class (0.5 credits) AP Biology (0.5 credits) AP Biology (0.5 credits) Fine arts class (.5 credits) Lunch Lunch Lunch Gym (.25 credits) Gym (.25 credits) Gym (.25 credits) In this example, the student would be able to graduate a semester early while having a course load that would be considered strong at many colleges. This student is planning on majoring in biology, so she wanted to maximize her math and science classes. During her junior year, her schedule was pretty normal with the exception of taking two science classes (physics and AP Biology) at the same time. Taking two classes in one subject is something that you'll likely have to do if you want to graduate early. She realized she wouldn't be able to fit in calculus normally, so she chose to take it over the summer. For her final semester, she took two English classes at the same time, a math elective and science elective to get more experience in those subjects, and she completed the rest of her required classes. Assuming she had a regular schedule her previous semesters, she would have completed 4.5 years of science, 4.5 years of math, 4 years of English, 3 years of social studies, 3 years of foreign language, and her other required classes. Completing those classes would be good enough for most colleges although some highly competitive schools would require 4 years of social studies and foreign language. Notice that she had a lot of different options when creating her schedule; she could have dropped her foreign language and taken a different course, chosen to take two math electives her senior year instead of calculus over the summer, and a variety of other options. Also, be aware that her junior year would probably be pretty challenging with her full course load that includes two science classes. Keep all these things in mind when creating your schedule. Once you've completed your schedule, double-check your work to make sure all the requirements are met. Congratulations, you now have a plan for graduating high school early! If you haven’t before now, share your plan with your adviser and ask if there are any additional steps you need to take. Drawbacks to Graduating High School Early You now know how to graduate high school early, but just because you can doesn’t automatically mean that you should. Read on to learn three potential drawbacks you may face if you choose to graduate early. Can Be Stressful As you saw above, graduating high school early takes a lot of planning and may mean you have to take extra classes during the school year and summer. Balancing this heavier course load can be stressful and tiring, and that’s something you should consider before you decide to graduate early. May Miss Out on Important Events Another potential drawback to graduating high school early is that you may miss out on special high school events. For many students, senior year is their favorite year of high school because of activities like homecoming and prom. If you graduate early, you may not be able to participate in these events. Additionally, you also may not attend a graduation ceremony, which is an important experience for many people. Before you decide to graduate early, think about how you’ll feel if you see all your friends participating in events like sports games, school dances, and senior days while you don’t. For some people, this isn’t important, but for others they’d regret missing out on these experiences. Won't Necessarily Impress Colleges You also shouldn’t try to graduate high school early to impress colleges. Just by itself, finishing high school in a shorter amount of time won’t give your college applications a boost. In fact, if graduating high school early means you have fewer classes in core subjects, it could even hurt your chances of admissions. Unless you have plans to spend your time at a great internship or another exciting opportunity that will really show colleges who you are and what your skills are, colleges won’t see graduating high school early as a sign of increased intelligence or motivation. Don't expect colleges to be automatically impressed that you graduated early. Should You Graduate High School Early? Now that you know how you can plan to graduate from high school early, should you do it? The main way to decide is to think about what you’ll do during the time you’d normally be in high school. If you have a great opportunity you’d like to take advantage of like an internship, travel experience, college classes, or something similar, graduating high school may be a good idea. However, if you plan to spend the time mostly watching TV or maybe working a few hours a week, it’s probably in your best interest to graduate when you normally would. Next, go through the steps above. Is it possible for you to graduate early while also taking all the classes you need to and would like to, without stretching yourself too thin? If you’ve found answers to both of the above considerations, graduating high school early may be something for you to start planning. What's Next? Thinking about summer school as a way to complete some of your graduation requirements? Check out our complete guide to summer school and learn if it's a good option for you. Do you think you go to a bad high school? Learn what your options are if you aren't happy with your current school. Taking an independent study can be a great way to fulfill some of your graduation requirements. Learn how to take an independent study class. What's the benefit to graduating high school early vs. dropping out? Find out with our article on whether or not you need a high school diploma. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Experimental Design Questions in ACT Science

Experimental Design Questions in ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Every day you have a plan: whether it’s going to school or the movies. You make plans if you don’t already have a plan.Scientists / Researchers are major planners and control-freaks (get it science nerds?). The ACT Science section asks you to figure out what that plan was and how it could hypothetically change.These two types of questions are typically found in Research Summaries Passages. To learn more about this type of passage and learn useful ACT Science tips, check out the 3 types of ACT Science passages. In this article, I'll cover: The Two Types of Studies Independent and Dependent Variables Comparing and Contrasting Experiments Questions Questions about: Why did the Scientist/Student do X? Questions about hypothetical changes to the experiment Throughout the article, I'll dive into real ACT Science practice questions and provide ACT Science strategies along the way. The Two Types of Studies Observational vs. Experimental In Observational studies, scientists simply collect data and study differences.For example, there is an ACT Science passage about measuring the beak depths of finches from different neighboring islands. In Experimental studies, scientists create an experiment where they choose to change certain variables and see how the result changes in response.For example, there is an ACT Science article about giving tadpoles varying amounts of a certain chemical and seeing how it affects their transformation into frogs. Man, I'd hate to be a tadpole under his microscope. In both Observational and Experimental studies, scientists are looking for the differences between different conditions.It's not that meaningful to just provide a single data point - for example, "finches on Island A had an average beak depth of 8 mm."OK, great - what does this mean? Is 8 mm large or small? -Without comparisons, it's hard to know the importance or meaning of a study. Scientists do compare apples and oranges. Therefore, scientists will take multiple data points in different scenarios, and then the scientists compare them.The ACT Science passage on finches shows that "finches on Island A have an average beak depth of 8 mm while finches from Island B have an average beak depth of 9 mm."Now, we can compare the two.Island B finches have a larger average beak depth than Island A finches. This is also where study design differs - scientists will study different aspects of the same general field to find different answers.In an ACT science passage, you'll typically see multiple experiments and studies within a single passage (Particularly in Research Summaries and Data Representation Passages - again for more information about the 3 types of passages in the act science section click here).They will be labeled Experiment 1 / 2 / 3 or Study 1 / 2 / 3.Each experiment or study will be related to each other, but different in major ways.The experiments may measure the same change but use different independent variables, which we will discuss next: Independent and Dependent Variables In experiments, scientists are often changing experimental variables and seeing how the response changes.The variables that the scientists actively change are the independent variables.The variables that they then observe are the dependent variables.Here's an example: Scientist 1 is running an experiment to see how fast a rubber ball rolls down an incline.For each trial of the experiment, Scientist 1 uses different inclines of specific angles.Scientist 1 tested an incline of 10, 25, and 50 degrees. The scientist then timed how fast it took for the ball to roll from the top to the bottom of the incline.What do you think are the independent and dependent variables here? The independent variable is what the scientist is controlling. In this case, Scientist 1 is controlling the degree of the incline.The dependent variableis what the scientist is observing.In this case, Scientist 1 is observing how fast the ball rolls down the incline.It is as simple as that! Scientists might conduct experiments with more complicated scenarios like circuits or heat transfers, but the concept is the same. ACT Science Tip #1: data points are often graphed on an XY-graph, and independent variables are usually on the x-axis and dependent variables on the y-axis. ACT Science Tip #2: in observational studies, researchers don't have independent and dependent variables, as they don't really control what they are studying - they're just observing.But don't worry - the ACT won't ask you to make this distinction; this note is just to improve your understanding of how experiments work.Let’s attempt one of the ACT Science practice questions that asks us about the experimental variables: Let’s start by figuring out what the question is asking us: in Experiment 2, which chemical was the titrant and which was the sample solution? Idon’t know what titrant and sample solution mean. We need to start by figuring out what titrant and sample solution mean in the context of the experiment. ACT Science Tip #3: my recommended ACT Science strategies begin with using the visuals to try to answer all ACT Science questions. However, you could not figure this out by looking at the visual, so you needed to skim.Starting with Experiment 2, since that is what the question is asking about, we skim this, This is helpful because it tells us acetic acid is one of the solutions in Experiment 2 instead of HCl, but it doesn’t tell us whether it was the titrant or sample solution.However, even without knowing which it is, because acetic acid is only mentioned in answer choices A and C, we can eliminate choices B and D.We also learned that HCl was not used because it says acetic acid was used instead, but this doesn’t help us yet. Since HCl is not used in answer choice A or C.To figure out whether acetic acid is the titrant or sample solution, we must skim the rest of the passage.In the introduction, it had this helpful tidbit: We now know that titrant means the added solution andsample solution is the solution to which the titrant is added.Now, let’s skim Experiment 1 for more information because we still don’t know the answer. So, in the original experiment, Experiment 1, NaOH solution was added to HCl solution.According to what we just skimmed and the introduction, this would mean that NaOH is the titrant since it is being added.HCl is the sample solution since the NaOH is being added to it.This is very helpful! We know that in Experiment 2 the same procedure was repeated only using acetic acid instead of HCl. NaOH remains the titrant, and acetic acid replaces HCl as the sample solution.Therefore, the answer is C. ACT Science Tips / Strategies for Variable Questions: When trying to answer questions about experimental variables, start by dissecting the question. Ask yourself is it asking about the independent or dependent variable or both? Which experiment/study is it referring to? Next, look at the corresponding visuals for help answering the question. If you need more information, skim the passage, start by skimming the experiment or study that the question asks about. Skim the rest of the passage if you still haven’t found what you are looking for. Use process of elimination to help you narrow your focus. Do not be tricked by hidden information. This question was very tricky because it required you to look at Experiment 1 and the introduction to find out information about Experiment 2. Know that the answer to Experimental Design questions will always be buried within the passage. So keep digging! Comparing and Contrasting Experiments Comparing and Contrasting Experiment Questions areanother type of Experimental Design question.As I mentioned earlier, ACT Science passages will often give you multiple experiments or studies in the same passage.They will be labeled Experiment 1 / 2 / 3 or Study 1 / 2 / 3.NOTE: Sometimes there are only 2 experiments/studies, not 3.They'll deal with the same general topic but differ from each other in important ways. Here's an example mini-passage: Scientists wanted to study the impact of different types of gas on the mileage of the Toyota Prius Hybrid.In Study 1, each Toyota Prius received a full tank of either unleaded gasoline. The car then drove 100 miles on the highway at 55 mph. The amount of remaining gasoline was measured.In Study 2, the experiment was repeated, but the cars were given premium gasoline instead of unleaded. The amount of remaining gasoline was measured. Great. Let's break this down.What are the scientists studying here?It's in the first sentence - they want to study the impact of different types of gas on the mileage of the Toyota Prius. In what ways are the two studies similar?In nearly every way - in both, the cars drove 100 miles on the highway at 55 mph, and they measured the amount of remaining gasoline. In what ways are the two studies different?This is key - in study 2, the scientist used premium gasoline instead of unleaded.In this way, they changed the experiment a little bit so they could find something new. ACT Science Tip #4: Real ACT Science passages may not be this easy, but it's the same concept. Some things will remain the same between experiments, but there will always be key differences. Make sure you canfigure out these differences. Learning Checkpoint - what were the independent and dependent variables here?The independent variable was the type of gas used: unleaded or premium. The dependent variable was what was measured: the amount of gas remaining. Why Did They Do X? This is another type of Experimental Design question, in which you are asked why the scientists decided to make a certain choice in the experimental design. For example: As we did before, let’s try to figure out what the question is asking us.I don’t know what â€Å"tared† means, so I’m going to skim the passage.According to the passage, Tared means that the balance of the scale was reset to 0 g.So the question is saying, the students reset the scale to 0 g after putting a cylinder on it in order to better measure what?Also, according to the passage, the students were resetting the scale to 0g and then filling the cylinder with liquid.In order to answer the question, we need to figure what were the students measuring? Well, according to table 1 and the passage, the students measured Mass of H2O (g), Mass of Ethanol (g), Total Mass (g), and Density (g/mL).The point of the experiment was to measure the mass of H2O and Ethanol and total mass of the liquid, so the scientists did not want to measure the mass of the cylinder.So, the scientists reset the scale to 0g to exclude the mass of the cylinder when measuring the H2O, Ethanol, and combined liquid.Therefore, the answer is F. ACT Science Tip #5: In most cases, the answer to this is to make the experiment more robust.Scientists really care about bias or messing up the experiment with unintended side effects.By simplifying the experiment (in this case, by not measuring the cylinder), the scientists can be more certainthat their results are accurate. Hypothetical Changes in the Experiment Almost all questions of this skill type will ask something like, "Suppose the experiments had been repeated, except instead of _____, the scientists did _____. What would you expect to happen?" Here's a real ACT Science practice question along with the necessary visuals to answer the question: First, understand what the question is asking - how is the experiment being changed, and what are we measuring?The question is asking about using a 5 L vessel and adding 7 g of CO2.The experiment is being changed because in the original experiments a 3 L vessel and a 6 L vessel were used.The new experiment is still measuring the same thing: pressure at 7g of CO2 added. Then, figure out from the visuals what they tell you about the relationship between the variables.Are they directly proportional, or inversely proportional?In this case, we can see mass of gas added is directly proportional to pressure (for more information about relationships, check out our other article - LINK) Finally, answer the question incorporating all this knowledge.In the experiment in the 6 L vessel, the pressure at 7 g of CO2 added was about 500 torr.In the experiment in the 3 L vessel, the pressure at 7 g of CO2 added was about 1000 torr.So, if a 5 L vessel is used instead, which is in between 3 and 6 L (though closer to 6 L), the pressure at 7 g of CO2 added will be between 500 and 1000 torr.So, the answer is G. ACT Science Tip #6: The way to solve these questions remains the same, no matter how complicated the questions get. Recap There are 2 types of studies: Observational, where the scientists simply observe and measure data. Experimental, where the scientists design and conduct an experiment. There are 3 kinds of Experimental Design Questions: Independent and Dependent Variable Questions Comparing and Contrasting Experiments Why did they do X? You will also be asked about hypothetical changes to the experiment.The strategy is the same for all four types of questions: Start byfiguring out what the question is asking. Which experiment/study is it referring to? What is it asking about? Variables? Hypothetical changes? Next, look at the corresponding visuals for help answering the question. If you need more information, skim the passage, start by skimming the experiment or study that the question asks about. Skim the rest of the passage if you still haven’t found what you are looking for. Use process of elimination to help you narrow your focus. Do not be tricked by hidden information. Keep digging until you cananswer the question. What’s Next? Now that you have the Experimental Design and Hypothetical Questions covered, if you haven’t already, learn tips and strategies for theothertypes of ACT Science questions such asfactual questionsand the hardest ACT Science questions. Also, learn about the best way to study and practice for ACT Science. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: Have friends who also need help with test prep? 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The chemisrty in onions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The chemisrty in onions - Research Paper Example Some of these acids like the 1-propenesulfenic acid is acted upon by the lachrymatory factor synthase enzyme to produce a volatile gas known as syn-propanethial-S-oxide also referred to as onion lachrymatory factor. The syn-propanethial-S-oxide diffuses in the air and on reaching the eye; a stinging sensation is felt due to its activation on the sensory neurons (Block, 2010). The onion cells contain various different enzymes kept separate and upon cutting, the cells contents become free and mix with the acids kept in the onion forming volatile compounds. In the eye, a reaction occurs between the propanethiole S-oxide and the tears released from the tear glands forming a mild sulphuric acid stimulating rapid release of tears which in turn makes the situation more worse. The alliinase enzyme is responsible for breaking down onions compounds into unstable intermediates which either change into thiosulfinate or lachrymatory factor. Thiosulfinate is responsible for the distinct flavor and odor from the onions as well as converted into sulfur compounds that benefit the body by lowering the cholesterol levels, acting as anti-blood clotting, anti-asthma, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Research has confirmed that only one specific enzyme is responsible of causing the formation of the lachrymatory factor hence inhibiting it will stop crying and on the long run increase the thiosulfinate compounds yield. Several strategies ranging from laboratory research to local imaginations have been employed towards the production of tear free onions or the prevention of the lachrymatory factor from reaching the eyes by neutralizing it in the air. To start with, the New Zealand Crop and Food Research together with the Japan House Food Corporation in 2008 developed tear free onions aiming at less reaction and irritation to the eyes. The new variety, taste and look like the regular onions but the action of lachrymatory factor synthase enzyme is lowered through genetic alteration. Th e modification has been engineered through the production of genetically modified foods that have been said to contain the desired nutrients. Research refills that if onions are grown on sulfur deficient soils, the creation of lachrymatory factor and other sulfur compounds is reduced and sweet flavor enhanced. This is in relation to Vidalia; a brand of sweet onions (Imani, 2002). The local methods used in a daily basis include: Chopping onions while chewing gum. Though the method is not as certain to the expected results, less crying is evident but the coordination between keeping on chewing the gum as you cut the onions is tricky. At the end of it, less tears come out besides high levels of irritation. It has been found to be an easy and convenient method to use (Walter, 2006). The use of goggles is gaining popularity as it gives painless results. The goggles protect the eyes from the volatile gas hence no tears or stinging. They are easy and convenient to be used though it is an a dded cost and their tight grip causes uncomfortable moments (Dille, 1996). Another method fruitfully used is that of freezing the onions in the freezer for about 15 minutes before chopping. The temperature in the freezer is very low to an extent of inhibiting the onions from releasing chemicals that irritate the eyes. It is painless, no tears and irritation. The

Is Britain taking the right approach to Prostitution Essay

Is Britain taking the right approach to Prostitution - Essay Example Prostitution is one of the last bulwarks of this way of thinking. In the course of this essay, prostitution in the UK will be examined and it will be argued that it should be legalized. Prostitution in the UK is a dangerous business. Female prostitutes are more likely to be assaulted and murdered and to have shorter lives (Castillo, 126). Prostitutes are often the victims of serial killers as we can see from the Ipswich murders in recent years. We need to find a way to regulate in order to keep sex workers safe. The truth is that under the current law, sex workers are at risk. They must conduct their business under cover of night and have little time to communicate with potential johns due to law prohibiting communication. As such, they are placed at higher risk. Indeed, the very fact that prostitution is not in itself illegal, is an indication of how society thinks it should be dealt with by police. Instead, the various ancillary crimes such as living off the avails of prostitution and communicating for the purposes of prostitution are illegal. This is hypocritical and endangers the lives of sex workers. For this reason, these laws should be struck down. They threaten the human rights of UK sex workers. It is easy to imagine scenarios where the current laws have been responsible for higher crime rates (Phoenix, 52). Take for instance an example of a lonely man who yearns for sexual interaction or intercourse and cannot find a woman who is easily willing to fulfil his sexual needs. It is possible his behaviour may lead him to rape or other illegal behaviour. This need not be the case if prostitution is effectively legalized. Or suppose a married man has a high sex drive then his wife and sometimes his wife is not always available to meet his sexual desires, his behaviour may lead him to abuse her. This too can be avoided if there is a legal outlet. Once prostitution is regulated, sex workers will have more health checks and will be safer. We should follow the l ead of our European neighbours and regulate prostitution (and take the tax revenue from it) rather than continue to criminalize it and force it into the darkest corners of society, where sex workers are most at risk. The very idea that prostitution is effectively illegal stands in the face of political freedom. The truth, in my opinion, is that the freest society is the best one. The government creates lots of laws in order to prevent people from making the most of their lives. Of course, some laws are necessary, such as murder is wrong, but many other laws serve no purpose: in the end they just create a â€Å"nanny state.† Libertarianism stands against needless laws and in favour of freedom. The government should play only the smallest role in our lives and should not tell us who we can and cannot sleep with. Libertarianism is a political philosophy that idealizes personal freedom and non-judgement (Nozick 32). More than ever before, people in the UK living in a Nanny State. A Nanny State is one that uses excessive state controls, for example, lots of unnecessary laws, to restrict its citizens’ freedom. It believes that it knows best and that citizens should follow its morality. Of course, there is a general feeling that certain things are wrong and should be discouraged or criminalized, but for proponents of the Nanny State, the government should seize control of actions and issues where there is no consensus and unilaterally impose its view of morality on these issues. We

Systems Security IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Systems Security IT - Assignment Example Moreover, Trojan is operational by initiating an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) that waits for any action from the hacker who has full control over the botnet (Rapoza, 2008). Apart from IRC, hackers utilize root kits to compromise weak system with no updated security patches and have security loop holes that facilitate hacker’s objectives. As there are countless computers connected to the Internet, they use tools to capture and identify vulnerable systems and uses IP spoofing for (Spoofing.2011) manipulating the original IP addresses for gaining access in to the system. Furthermore, these compromised systems are from different geographical locations, it is difficult to identity suspicious traffic, as it represents different time zones. As botnets are considered as a major player in a Denial of Service attacks, it can be prevented by honey pots and bastion hosts that will identify suspicious broadcast at the initial level. As mentioned previously, that a zombie army initiates flooding and broadcasting attacks from various locations to the specific target. The characteristic of this attack encompasses threats from distributed source and is known as distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). Computer network encyclopedia describes it, as the incorporation of hundreds or even thousands of computers that were previously compromised used for transmitting huge volume of unwanted traffic to the target. DDoS attacks are considered to be lethal in the world of Internet has imposes significant risks for businesses, governmental organizations, army networks etc. (Ghazali & Hassan, 2011) research on DDoS attacks has revealed vulnerabilities not only in the network architecture or infrastructure, but also in the protocol specifications along with Internet. Exhibit 1.1 demonstrates types of flooding DDoS attacks along with protocols: High rate flood attacks: This type of attack is achieved by traffic generation from many machines that may be in total of

Shortage of skill staff in aviation industory in UAE Essay

Shortage of skill staff in aviation industory in UAE - Essay Example It has opened new ways for many new airline companies to step up in the field. As there are much new aviation industries presently working in the Gulf region, it has also led to the shortage of skilled qualified staff in the industry. Inflation has not only affected the aviation sector, but also the housing, schooling and living sector. A change of almost 40-1000% was recorded in the housing and rent sector, and this was not only limited to the residential areas, but also to the commercial sector. And as far as the schooling sector is concerned, an increase of almost 15% was recorded, compared to the last year's school fees. And due to a massive increase in all these sectors, an increase in the cost of living was also recorded, to around 40%. This article describes the needs of human being in the present time. Facilities, new technologies, leisure that they are getting used to, the amount of dependency that they've on machines, rather than using and improving their own skills. People have adopted computers, mobile phones, air conditioners and other such things as a necessity item rather than a luxury item, and getting habitual to them. Due to which the amount of their spending expenditures exceeds their income, and as the people are finding it hard to leave all these comforts, they're surrounded with problems. Another factor which is contributing to all these problems is "inflation". It is creating problems for everyone. It is forcing the people to reduce their standard of living, and the range of their high quality life. In many industries, inflation has more impact on the lives of their employees than a few others. They've low incomes and are provided with only few facilities compared to other industries. Thus, allowin g them to choose other options, with more income and facilities, and a better standard of living. This article would further recommend steps to facilitate the problems faced by the aviation industry. Currently, the aviation industry is going through a difficult phase. Some major problems faced by the aviation industry are the increasing Cost of living, the cost of Accommodation, the cost of Schooling and the shortage of skilled staff. The drawbacks of all these problems are major, and we've to find a solution to these problems. 1.2 - OBJECTIVES The main objective of this article is to provide solutions to the problems mentioned in the "Aim" section. One of the most important moves that an aviation industry should make is increase the salary of their staff, so that they could meet up their personal expenses and are not worried, as it'll enable them to work more efficiently and the output would be quality work. The aviation industry should also provide their employees with facilities such as free fuel, free accommodation, free schooling, free training and other incentives to attract more qualified and skilled workers to their industry to meet up the shortage and demand of skilled staff in the industry. The industry should also help their staff out with their problems, and give them allowances. Another thing that aviation industry should do is provide a friendly working environment, so that every one feels comfortable and welcomed in the industry. 1.3 - Background The beginning of civil aviation in U.A.E was taken about in 1935, when aerodromes were generated. In